King James Version

What Does Mark 12:16 Mean?

Mark 12:16 in the King James Version says “And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Caesar's. — study this verse from Mark chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Caesar's.

Mark 12:16 · KJV


Context

14

And when they were come, they say unto him, Master, we know that thou art true, and carest for no man: for thou regardest not the person of men, but teachest the way of God in truth: Is it lawful to give tribute to Caesar, or not?

15

Shall we give, or shall we not give? But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said unto them, Why tempt ye me? bring me a penny, that I may see it. penny: valuing of our money seven pence halfpenny

16

And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? And they said unto him, Caesar's.

17

And Jesus answering said unto them, Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and to God the things that are God's. And they marvelled at him.

18

Then come unto him the Sadducees, which say there is no resurrection; and they asked him, saying,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And they brought it. And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription? (εἰκόνα, eikona; ἐπιγραφήν, epigraphēn). The word eikōn (εἰκών) meant image or likeness—the same word used in Genesis 1:26-27 (Septuagint) for humanity created in God's image. The epigraphē (ἐπιγραφή) was the inscription: "Tiberius Caesar, son of the divine Augustus, Augustus." Jesus' question was Socratic, forcing them to acknowledge the coin belonged to Caesar's sphere.

And they said unto him, Caesar's (Καίσαρος)—their answer sealed His argument. If the coin bears Caesar's image and inscription, it belongs to Caesar's domain. Jesus would next draw the crucial distinction (v. 17): while Caesar's coins bear his image and may be rendered to him, humans bear God's image (Genesis 1:27) and must be rendered wholly to God.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The denarius was Rome's standard silver coin, a day's wage for laborers (Matthew 20:2). Tiberius Caesar reigned AD 14-37, so his image appeared on coins circulating during Jesus' ministry. The inscription's claim of divinity ("son of the divine Augustus") was imperial propaganda standard in Roman coinage. Augustus had been deified after death; Tiberius claimed divine sonship. This religious claim made the tax question even more loaded for monotheistic Jews: paying tax with coins proclaiming Caesar's divinity seemed to acknowledge his divine right to rule. Jesus' coming answer (v. 17) would brilliantly affirm legitimate civil authority while denying ultimate sovereignty to any earthly power.

Reflection Questions

  1. What is significant about Jesus asking whose 'image and inscription' appears on the coin, given that humans bear God's image?
  2. How does their ready answer 'Caesar's' prepare for Jesus' principle distinguishing civil and divine spheres?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
οἱ1 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ2 of 18

And

G1161

but, and, etc

ἤνεγκαν3 of 18

they brought

G5342

to "bear" or carry (in a very wide application, literally and figuratively, as follows)

καὶ4 of 18

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

λέγει5 of 18

he saith

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

αὐτῷ6 of 18

unto him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Τίνος7 of 18

Whose

G5101

an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)

8 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

εἰκὼν9 of 18

image

G1504

a likeness, i.e., (literally) statue, profile, or (figuratively) representation, resemblance

αὕτη10 of 18

is this

G3778

the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)

καὶ11 of 18

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

12 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐπιγραφή13 of 18

superscription

G1923

an inscription

οἱ14 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ15 of 18

And

G1161

but, and, etc

εἶπον16 of 18

they said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

αὐτῷ17 of 18

unto him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Καίσαρος18 of 18

Caesar's

G2541

caesar, a title of the roman emperor


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Mark. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Mark 12:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Mark 12:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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