King James Version

What Does Hebrews 1:13 Mean?

Hebrews 1:13 in the King James Version says “But to which of the angels said he at any time, Sit on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool ? — study this verse from Hebrews chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But to which of the angels said he at any time, Sit on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool ?

Hebrews 1:13 · KJV


Context

11

They shall perish; but thou remainest; and they all shall wax old as doth a garment;

12

And as a vesture shalt thou fold them up, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail.

13

But to which of the angels said he at any time, Sit on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool ?

14

Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Quoting Psalm 110:1, the most cited OT text in the NT, this verse presents Christ's enthronement at God's right hand. The Greek 'dexiōn' (right hand) signifies the place of honor and power. The subjugation of enemies refers to Christ's ongoing reign until the final consummation. Reformed theology emphasizes Christ's present reign - He is not waiting to become king but reigns now, progressively subduing all opposition to His kingdom.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Psalm 110 was recognized as messianic in Second Temple Judaism. Jesus Himself used it to confound the Pharisees (Matthew 22:44). The author applies it to show Christ's superiority over angels, who are never invited to sit at God's right hand.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does Christ's current reign mean for how you engage with cultural and political powers?
  2. How should the certainty of Christ's ultimate victory over all enemies shape your daily conflicts with sin?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 21 words
πρὸς1 of 21

to

G4314

a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,

τίνα2 of 21

which

G5101

an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)

δὲ3 of 21

But

G1161

but, and, etc

τῶν4 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀγγέλων5 of 21

of the angels

G32

compare g0034) (to bring tidings); a messenger; especially an "angel"; by implication, a pastor

εἴρηκέν6 of 21

said he

G2046

an alternate for g2036 in certain tenses; to utter, i.e., speak or say

ποτε7 of 21

at any time

G4218

indefinite adverb, at some time, ever

Κάθου8 of 21

Sit

G2521

and ???? (to sit; akin to the base of g1476); to sit down; figuratively, to remain, reside

ἐκ9 of 21

on

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

δεξιῶν10 of 21

right hand

G1188

the right side or (feminine) hand (as that which usually takes)

μου11 of 21

my

G3450

of me

ἕως12 of 21
G2193

a conjunction, preposition and adverb of continuance, until (of time and place)

ἂν13 of 21

until

G302

whatsoever

θῶ14 of 21

I make

G5087

to place (in the widest application, literally and figuratively; properly, in a passive or horizontal posture, and thus different from g2476, which pr

τοὺς15 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐχθρούς16 of 21

enemies

G2190

hateful (passively, odious, or actively, hostile); usually as a noun, an adversary (especially satan)

σου17 of 21

thine

G4675

of thee, thy

ὑποπόδιον18 of 21

footstool

G5286

something under the feet, i.e., a foot-rest (figuratively)

τῶν19 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ποδῶν20 of 21
G4228

a "foot" (figuratively or literally)

σου21 of 21

thine

G4675

of thee, thy


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Hebrews. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Hebrews 1:13 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Hebrews 1:13 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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