King James Version

What Does Luke 18:21 Mean?

Luke 18:21 in the King James Version says “And he said, All these have I kept from my youth up. — study this verse from Luke chapter 18 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And he said, All these have I kept from my youth up.

Luke 18:21 · KJV


Context

19

And Jesus said unto him, Why callest thou me good? none is good, save one, that is, God.

20

Thou knowest the commandments, Do not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Honour thy father and thy mother.

21

And he said, All these have I kept from my youth up.

22

Now when Jesus heard these things, he said unto him, Yet lackest thou one thing: sell all that thou hast, and distribute unto the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come, follow me.

23

And when he heard this, he was very sorrowful: for he was very rich.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And he said, All these have I kept from my youth up—the ruler's confident claim: tauta panta ephylaxa ek neotētos (ταῦτα πάντα ἐφύλαξα ἐκ νεότητος)—'all these I have kept from youth.' Ephylaxa (ἐφύλαξα) means 'guarded,' 'observed,' 'kept carefully.' He's not lying or boasting—he genuinely believes he's maintained external conformity to the commandments since his bar mitzvah.

Mark 10:21 adds that Jesus, looking at him, loved him. His sincerity was genuine, but tragically misdirected. He measured righteousness by external behaviors, unaware that God's law requires internal heart perfection. Jesus will now expose the tenth commandment—'you shall not covet' (Exodus 20:17)—which governs internal desires rather than external actions. The ruler's confident self-assessment is about to be shattered.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish boys became 'sons of the commandments' at age 13, taking on adult Torah obligations. The ruler had observed the commandments for years, perhaps decades, with scrupulous care. This wasn't Pharisaical hypocrisy but sincere, though misguided, religion. He represents the best that law-based righteousness can produce: external conformity without heart transformation. His upcoming failure proves Paul's later argument: 'by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified' (Galatians 2:16).

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the ruler's sincere claim to have kept all commandments reveal about external versus internal righteousness?
  2. How does Mark's note that Jesus 'loved him' inform how we should view those trapped in works-based religion?
  3. What commandment is the ruler about to discover he hasn't kept, and why does this matter for salvation?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 9 words
1 of 9
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ2 of 9

And

G1161

but, and, etc

εἶπεν3 of 9

he said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

Ταῦτα4 of 9

these

G5023

these things

πάντα5 of 9

All

G3956

all, any, every, the whole

ἐφύλαξαμην6 of 9

have I kept

G5442

to watch, i.e., be on guard (literally of figuratively); by implication, to preserve, obey, avoid

ἐκ7 of 9

from

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

νεότητος8 of 9

youth

G3503

newness, i.e., youthfulness

μου9 of 9

my

G3450

of me


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 18:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 18:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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