King James Version

What Does Mark 10:20 Mean?

Mark 10:20 in the King James Version says “And he answered and said unto him, Master, all these have I observed from my youth. — study this verse from Mark chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And he answered and said unto him, Master, all these have I observed from my youth.

Mark 10:20 · KJV


Context

18

And Jesus said unto him, Why callest thou me good? there is none good but one, that is, God.

19

Thou knowest the commandments, Do not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Defraud not, Honour thy father and mother.

20

And he answered and said unto him, Master, all these have I observed from my youth.

21

Then Jesus beholding him loved him, and said unto him, One thing thou lackest: go thy way, sell whatsoever thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come, take up the cross, and follow me.

22

And he was sad at that saying, and went away grieved: for he had great possessions.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus listed commandments: 'Do not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Defraud not, Honour thy father and mother' (Μὴ μοιχεύσῃς, Μὴ φονεύσῃς, Μὴ κλέψῃς, Μὴ ψευδομαρτυρήσῃς, Μὴ ἀποστερήσῃς, Τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα σου). Jesus cited commandments from the Decalogue's second table (human relationships), omitting first table (duties to God). The addition 'defraud not' isn't explicit in Exodus 20 but summarizes various laws about economic justice (Leviticus 19:13; Deuteronomy 24:14-15; Malachi 3:5). Jesus' selective citation sets up His later diagnosis—the man kept horizontal commandments but missed the first, greatest commandment: love God supremely (v. 21). External moral conformity doesn't equal heart righteousness. The list reveals law's function: exposing sin and driving to grace (Romans 3:20; Galatians 3:24).

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Ten Commandments were Judaism's moral foundation (Exodus 20:1-17; Deuteronomy 5:6-21). Rabbinic tradition organized them into duties toward God (1-4) and duties toward people (5-10). Jesus' citation omitted coveting (tenth commandment), perhaps saving it for deeper diagnosis (what the man lacked, v. 21). First-century Jewish piety emphasized Decalogue observance. Pharisees developed elaborate halakhic traditions to 'fence' the commandments, ensuring no violation. The rich man's confidence that he kept these from youth (v. 20) reflects cultural confidence in law-keeping. Paul similarly boasted of his law observance before conversion (Philippians 3:4-6). Jesus' interaction reveals that mere external conformity misses law's deeper demand for heart transformation and supreme love for God.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus' selective citation of commandments set up revealing the man's deeper spiritual need beyond external morality?
  2. What does the rich man's confidence in keeping commandments reveal about self-deception regarding spiritual condition?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 12 words
1 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ2 of 12

And

G1161

but, and, etc

ἀποκριθεὶς3 of 12

he answered

G611

to conclude for oneself, i.e., (by implication) to respond; by hebraism (compare h6030) to begin to speak (where an address is expected)

εἶπεν4 of 12

and said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

αὐτῷ5 of 12

unto him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Διδάσκαλε6 of 12

Master

G1320

an instructor (genitive case or specially)

ταῦτα7 of 12

these

G5023

these things

πάντα8 of 12

all

G3956

all, any, every, the whole

ἐφυλαξάμην9 of 12

have I observed

G5442

to watch, i.e., be on guard (literally of figuratively); by implication, to preserve, obey, avoid

ἐκ10 of 12

from

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

νεότητός11 of 12

youth

G3503

newness, i.e., youthfulness

μου12 of 12

my

G3450

of me


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Mark. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Mark 10:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Mark 10:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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