King James Version

What Does Luke 15:17 Mean?

Luke 15:17 in the King James Version says “And when he came to himself, he said, How many hired servants of my father's have bread enough and to spare, and I peris... — study this verse from Luke chapter 15 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And when he came to himself, he said, How many hired servants of my father's have bread enough and to spare, and I perish with hunger!

Luke 15:17 · KJV


Context

15

And he went and joined himself to a citizen of that country; and he sent him into his fields to feed swine.

16

And he would fain have filled his belly with the husks that the swine did eat: and no man gave unto him.

17

And when he came to himself, he said, How many hired servants of my father's have bread enough and to spare, and I perish with hunger!

18

I will arise and go to my father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and before thee,

19

And am no more worthy to be called thy son: make me as one of thy hired servants.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus applies the parable: 'I say unto you, that likewise joy shall be in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, more than over ninety and nine just persons, which need no repentance' (λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι οὕτως χαρὰ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἔσται ἐπὶ ἑνὶ ἁμαρτωλῷ μετανοοῦντι ἢ ἐπὶ ἐνενήκοντα ἐννέα δικαίοις οἵτινες οὐ χρείαν ἔχουσιν μετανοίας). The phrase 'joy in heaven' (χαρὰ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ) reveals divine celebration over conversion. The comparison with 'ninety-nine just persons who need no repentance' contains irony—no such persons exist (Romans 3:23). The Pharisees considered themselves these ninety-nine, exposing their self-righteousness. True repentance (μετανοοῦντι, metanoouti, present participle) involves ongoing transformation, not one-time religious performance.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish theology emphasized corporate election—being born into Abraham's covenant guaranteed salvation unless one apostatized. The Pharisees' opposition to Jesus stemmed partly from His undermining this presumption, insisting that individual repentance and faith were necessary. His emphasis on heaven's joy over one repentant sinner challenged their contempt for outcasts and their confidence in their own righteousness. The parable's shepherd leaving ninety-nine for one would seem economically foolish but reveals God's radical commitment to seeking the lost.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does understanding that all people need repentance (there are no genuinely righteous apart from grace) transform your view of evangelism?
  2. What does heaven's celebration over repentance teach about God's priorities versus human religious priorities?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 16 words
εἰς1 of 16

to

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

ἑαυτὸν2 of 16

himself

G1438

(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc

δὲ3 of 16

And

G1161

but, and, etc

ἐλθὼν4 of 16

when he came

G2064

to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

εἶπεν5 of 16

he said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

Πόσοι6 of 16

How many

G4214

interrogative pronoun (of amount) how much (large, long or (plural) many)

μίσθιοι7 of 16

hired servants

G3407

a wage-earner

τοῦ8 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πατρός9 of 16

father's

G3962

a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)

μου10 of 16

of my

G3450

of me

περισσεύουσιν11 of 16

enough and to spare

G4052

to superabound (in quantity or quality), be in excess, be superfluous; also (transitively) to cause to superabound or excel

ἄρτων12 of 16

have bread

G740

bread (as raised) or a loaf

ἐγὼ13 of 16

I

G1473

i, me

δὲ14 of 16

And

G1161

but, and, etc

λιμῷ15 of 16

with hunger

G3042

a scarcity of food

ἀπόλλυμαι16 of 16

perish

G622

to destroy fully (reflexively, to perish, or lose), literally or figuratively


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 15:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 15:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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