King James Version

What Does Luke 11:43 Mean?

Luke 11:43 in the King James Version says “Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in the synagogues, and greetings in the markets. — study this verse from Luke chapter 11 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in the synagogues, and greetings in the markets.

Luke 11:43 · KJV


Context

41

But rather give alms of such things as ye have; and, behold, all things are clean unto you. of: or, as you are able

42

But woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye tithe mint and rue and all manner of herbs, and pass over judgment and the love of God: these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.

43

Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in the synagogues, and greetings in the markets.

44

Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are as graves which appear not, and the men that walk over them are not aware of them.

45

Then answered one of the lawyers, and said unto him, Master, thus saying thou reproachest us also.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Woe unto you, Pharisees! for ye love the uppermost seats in the synagogues, and greetings in the markets (ὅτι ἀγαπᾶτε τὴν πρωτοκαθεδρίαν ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς καὶ τοὺς ἀσπασμοὺς ἐν ταῖς ἀγοραῖς)—the second woe targets pride and status-seeking. Prōtokathedria (chief seats) refers to seats facing the congregation, reserved for honored teachers. Aspasmous (greetings) in the agora (marketplace) means public recognition. They loved (agapaō) honor more than God.

Jesus exposes religion as performance for human applause. The Pharisees' motivation was public honor, not God's glory. This contradicts Jesus's teaching to pray, give alms, and fast in secret (Matthew 6:1-18). Their religion was theater, not worship.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Synagogue seating reflected social status—prominent teachers sat facing the congregation on elevated platforms. Public greetings used elaborate titles ('Rabbi,' 'Father') that reinforced hierarchical religious culture. Jesus later forbade his disciples to seek such titles (Matthew 23:8-10).

Reflection Questions

  1. What modern equivalents to 'chief seats' and 'marketplace greetings' tempt you—social media affirmation, ministry platform, professional recognition?
  2. How can you cultivate hiddenness and obscurity as spiritual disciplines countering the desire for recognition?
  3. What motivates your religious activity—God's glory or human applause, internal transformation or external reputation?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 17 words
οὐαὶ1 of 17

Woe

G3759

woe

ὑμῖν2 of 17

unto you

G5213

to (with or by) you

τοῖς3 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Φαρισαίοις4 of 17

Pharisees

G5330

a separatist, i.e., exclusively religious; a pharisean, i.e., jewish sectary

ὅτι5 of 17

! for

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

ἀγαπᾶτε6 of 17

ye love

G25

to love (in a social or moral sense)

τὴν7 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πρωτοκαθεδρίαν8 of 17

the uppermost seats

G4410

a sitting first (in the front row), i.e., preeminence in council

ἐν9 of 17

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

ταῖς10 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

συναγωγαῖς11 of 17

the synagogues

G4864

an assemblage of persons; specially, a jewish "synagogue" (the meeting or the place); by analogy, a christian church

καὶ12 of 17

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τοὺς13 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀσπασμοὺς14 of 17

greetings

G783

a greeting (in person or by letter)

ἐν15 of 17

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

ταῖς16 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀγοραῖς17 of 17

the markets

G58

properly, the town-square (as a place of public resort); by implication, a market or thoroughfare


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 11:43 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 11:43 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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