King James Version

What Does Mark 12:38 Mean?

Mark 12:38 in the King James Version says “And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in... — study this verse from Mark chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces,

Mark 12:38 · KJV


Context

36

For David himself said by the Holy Ghost, The LORD said to my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool .

37

David therefore himself calleth him Lord; and whence is he then his son? And the common people heard him gladly.

38

And he said unto them in his doctrine, Beware of the scribes, which love to go in long clothing, and love salutations in the marketplaces,

39

And the chief seats in the synagogues, and the uppermost rooms at feasts:

40

Which devour widows' houses, and for a pretence make long prayers: these shall receive greater damnation.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus warns: Beware of the scribes (Βλέπετε ἀπὸ τῶν γραμματέων)—the imperative βλέπετε means 'watch out,' 'be on guard.' This isn't blanket condemnation (Jesus just praised one scribe, v. 34) but warning against scribal hypocrisy. The scribes love to go in long clothing (θελόντων ἐν στολαῖς περιπατεῖν)—στολαί (stolai) refers to flowing robes that distinguished scribes as religious professionals. This clothing signaled status, demanding public deference. Love salutations in the marketplaces (ἀσπασμοὺς ἐν ταῖς ἀγοραῖς) describes their craving for public recognition and honorific titles ('Rabbi,' 'Teacher').

Jesus exposes the core issue: θέλω (thelō = 'to desire,' 'to love')—these scribes love honor, status, and recognition. Their ministry serves ego rather than God. This indictment applies to all religious leaders who use position for self-exaltation rather than service. Matthew's fuller account (23:5-12) records Jesus condemning those who do religious works 'to be seen by men.' The desire for human acclaim corrupts ministry, transforming servants into celebrities.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Scribes occupied high social status in first-century Judaism. As Torah experts and teachers, they received public honor—standing when they entered, best seats at banquets, respectful greetings. Their long robes (similar to academic regalia) visually distinguished them from common people. Markets and synagogues provided stages for public display. Jesus' critique echoes prophetic denunciations of leaders who exploited their positions (Ezekiel 34; Micah 3:5-12). This warning came during Passion Week, as scribes plotted Jesus' death (Mark 14:1). The religious establishment's hostility to Jesus stemmed partly from His challenge to their authority and popularity. His teaching attracted crowds (v. 37), threatening their status. Jesus modeled the opposite: servant leadership (Mark 10:42-45) and humility (Philippians 2:5-8).

Reflection Questions

  1. How do modern ministry trappings (titles, platforms, honorifics, clerical dress) risk fostering the same pride Jesus condemned?
  2. What motivates your service in the church—genuine love for God and people, or desire for recognition and status?
  3. How can Christian leaders cultivate the humility and servant-heartedness Jesus modeled?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 21 words
καὶ1 of 21

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἔλεγεν2 of 21

he said

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

αὐτοῦ3 of 21

unto them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἐν4 of 21

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

ταῖς5 of 21

which

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

διδαχῇ6 of 21

doctrine

G1322

instruction (the act or the matter)

αὐτοῦ7 of 21

unto them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Βλέπετε8 of 21

Beware

G991

to look at (literally or figuratively)

ἀπὸ9 of 21

of

G575

"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)

ταῖς10 of 21

which

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γραμματέων11 of 21

the scribes

G1122

a professional writer

ταῖς12 of 21

which

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

θελόντων13 of 21

love

G2309

to determine (as an active option from subjective impulse; whereas g1014 properly denotes rather a passive acquiescence in objective considerations),

ἐν14 of 21

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

στολαῖς15 of 21

long clothing

G4749

equipment, i.e., (specially), a "stole" or long-fitting gown (as a mark of dignity)

περιπατεῖν16 of 21

to go

G4043

to tread all around, i.e., walk at large (especially as proof of ability); figuratively, to live, deport oneself, follow (as a companion or votary)

καὶ17 of 21

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀσπασμοὺς18 of 21

love salutations

G783

a greeting (in person or by letter)

ἐν19 of 21

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

ταῖς20 of 21

which

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀγοραῖς21 of 21

the marketplaces

G58

properly, the town-square (as a place of public resort); by implication, a market or thoroughfare


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Mark. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Mark 12:38 con