King James Version

What Does Jude 1:11 Mean?

Jude 1:11 in the King James Version says “Woe unto them! for they have gone in the way of Cain, and ran greedily after the error of Balaam for reward, and perishe... — study this verse from Jude chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Woe unto them! for they have gone in the way of Cain, and ran greedily after the error of Balaam for reward, and perished in the gainsaying of Core.

Jude 1:11 · KJV


Context

9

Yet Michael the archangel, when contending with the devil he disputed about the body of Moses, durst not bring against him a railing accusation, but said, The Lord rebuke thee.

10

But these speak evil of those things which they know not: but what they know naturally, as brute beasts, in those things they corrupt themselves.

11

Woe unto them! for they have gone in the way of Cain, and ran greedily after the error of Balaam for reward, and perished in the gainsaying of Core.

12

These are spots in your feasts of charity, when they feast with you, feeding themselves without fear: clouds they are without water, carried about of winds; trees whose fruit withereth, without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots;

13

Raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, to whom is reserved the blackness of darkness for ever.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Woe unto them! for they have gone in the way of Cain, and ran greedily after the error of Balaam for reward, and perished in the gainsaying of Core. Jude pronounces judgment—"Woe unto them!" (Greek ouai autois, οὐαὶ αὐτοῖς)—echoing prophetic denunciations (Isaiah 5:8-23, Matthew 23:13-29). He provides three more Old Testament examples characterizing the false teachers' errors. First, "the way of Cain" (Greek tē hodō tou Kain, τῇ ὁδῷ τοῦ Κάιν) refers to Genesis 4:3-8. Cain's sin wasn't merely murder but underlying rebellion: offering unacceptable worship, rejecting God's standards, resenting God's acceptance of Abel's faith-based offering (Hebrews 11:4).

Second, "the error of Balaam for reward" (Greek tē planē tou Balaam misthou exechythēsan, τῇ πλάνῃ τοῦ Βαλαὰμ μισθοῦ ἐξεχύθησαν) references Numbers 22-25, 31:16. Balaam, though initially refusing to curse Israel, eventually taught Balak how to corrupt Israel through sexual immorality and idolatry—for financial gain. "Ran greedily" (Greek exechythēsan, ἐξεχύθησαν) means poured out, rushed headlong—eager pursuit of profit through compromise. Balaam represents using spiritual position for personal gain, corrupting others for money.

Third, "the gainsaying of Core" (Greek tē antilogia tou Kore, τῇ ἀντιλογίᾳ τοῦ Κόρε) refers to Korah's rebellion (Numbers 16). "Gainsaying" means contradiction, rebellion, speaking against authority. Korah and fellow Levites challenged Moses' and Aaron's leadership, claiming all Israel was equally holy. God's judgment was immediate and devastating—the earth swallowed the rebels. Korah represents prideful rejection of God-established authority.

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Historical & Cultural Context

These three figures were proverbial in Jewish tradition as examples of various sins: Cain (jealousy, false worship, murder), Balaam (greed, corruption, false teaching for profit), and Korah (rebellion against authority, presumption). Each faced divine judgment for their sins. Jewish rabbis used these as warning examples, and early Christians adopted this interpretive tradition.

The threefold categorization identifies distinct but related errors among false teachers: (1) Wrong worship and doctrine (Cain)—rejecting God's revealed way for human alternatives. (2) Mercenary motives (Balaam)—using ministry for financial gain, corrupting others for profit. (3) Rebellious rejection of legitimate authority (Korah)—refusing submission to God-ordained leaders and structures. All three involve prideful autonomy: determining one's own worship, pursuing selfish gain, rejecting accountability.

First-century false teachers exhibited all three characteristics. Gnostic teachers created alternative worship systems mixing Christianity with philosophy and mysticism (Cain). Many charged fees for their teaching and promised material prosperity (Balaam). They rejected apostolic authority and church discipline, claiming direct access to divine knowledge (Korah). These same patterns recur throughout church history.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do contemporary forms of ministry exhibit the patterns of Cain, Balaam, and Korah?
  2. What's the balance between testing teaching critically (Acts 17:11) and respecting legitimate spiritual authority?
  3. When should churches exercise formal discipline against false teachers, and how should this be conducted?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 21 words
οὐαὶ1 of 21

Woe

G3759

woe

αὐτοῖς2 of 21

unto them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ὅτι3 of 21

! for

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

τῇ4 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὁδῷ5 of 21

in the way

G3598

a road; by implication, a progress (the route, act or distance); figuratively, a mode or means

τοῦ6 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Κάϊν7 of 21

of Cain

G2535

cain, (i.e., cajin), the son of adam

ἐπορεύθησαν8 of 21

they have gone

G4198

to traverse, i.e., travel (literally or figuratively; especially to remove (figuratively, die), live, etc.)

καὶ9 of 21

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τῇ10 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πλάνῃ11 of 21

the error

G4106

objectively, fraudulence; subjectively, a straying from orthodoxy or piety

τοῦ12 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Βαλαὰμ13 of 21

of Balaam

G903

balaam, a mesopotamian (symbolic of a false teacher)

μισθοῦ14 of 21

for reward

G3408

pay for service (literally or figuratively), good or bad

ἐξεχύθησαν15 of 21

ran greedily after

G1632

to pour forth; figuratively, to bestow

καὶ16 of 21

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τῇ17 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀντιλογίᾳ18 of 21

in the gainsaying

G485

dispute, disobedience

τοῦ19 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Κορὲ20 of 21

of Core

G2879

core (i.e., korach), an israelite

ἀπώλοντο21 of 21

perished

G622

to destroy fully (reflexively, to perish, or lose), literally or figuratively


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Jude. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Jude 1:11 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Jude 1:11 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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