King James Version

What Does John 2:3 Mean?

John 2:3 in the King James Version says “And when they wanted wine, the mother of Jesus saith unto him, They have no wine. — study this verse from John chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And when they wanted wine, the mother of Jesus saith unto him, They have no wine.

John 2:3 · KJV


Context

1

And the third day there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee; and the mother of Jesus was there:

2

And both Jesus was called, and his disciples, to the marriage.

3

And when they wanted wine, the mother of Jesus saith unto him, They have no wine.

4

Jesus saith unto her, Woman, what have I to do with thee? mine hour is not yet come.

5

His mother saith unto the servants, Whatsoever he saith unto you, do it.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Mary's statement—'They have no wine'—is not merely observation but implicit request. She believes Jesus can address this need, though He has not yet performed public miracles. Her faith anticipates His ability before demonstration. The wine shortage threatened the hosts' honor and the celebration itself. Mary brings a practical problem to Jesus, modeling prayer that presents needs without dictating solutions.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Wine was essential to Jewish celebrations, symbolizing joy and blessing. Psalm 104:15 speaks of wine that 'maketh glad the heart of man.' Running out was a significant social failure. Mary's role suggests she may have had some responsibility for the celebration, perhaps as relative of the families.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does Mary's approach to Jesus teach about bringing our needs to Him in prayer?
  2. How does presenting problems without demanding specific solutions model trust in Christ?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 13 words
καὶ1 of 13

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ὑστερήσαντος2 of 13

when they wanted

G5302

to be later, i.e., (by implication) to be inferior; generally, to fall short (be deficient)

Οἶνον3 of 13

wine

G3631

"wine" (literally or figuratively)

λέγει4 of 13

saith

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

5 of 13
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μήτηρ6 of 13

the mother

G3384

a "mother" (literally or figuratively, immediate or remote)

τοῦ7 of 13
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰησοῦ8 of 13

of Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

πρὸς9 of 13

unto

G4314

a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,

αὐτόν10 of 13

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

Οἶνον11 of 13

wine

G3631

"wine" (literally or figuratively)

οὐκ12 of 13

no

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἔχουσιν13 of 13

They have

G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of John. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

John 2:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to John 2:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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