King James Version

What Does John 10:34 Mean?

John 10:34 in the King James Version says “Jesus answered them, Is it not written in your law, I said, Ye are gods? — study this verse from John chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Jesus answered them, Is it not written in your law, I said, Ye are gods?

John 10:34 · KJV


Context

32

Jesus answered them, Many good works have I shewed you from my Father; for which of those works do ye stone me?

33

The Jews answered him, saying, For a good work we stone thee not; but for blasphemy; and because that thou, being a man, makest thyself God.

34

Jesus answered them, Is it not written in your law, I said, Ye are gods?

35

If he called them gods, unto whom the word of God came, and the scripture cannot be broken;

36

Say ye of him, whom the Father hath sanctified, and sent into the world, Thou blasphemest; because I said, I am the Son of God?


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus answered them, Is it not written in your law, I said, Ye are gods? (ἀπεκρίθη αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Οὐκ ἔστιν γεγραμμένον ἐν τῷ νόμῳ ὑμῶν ὅτι Ἐγὼ εἶπα· Θεοί ἐστε, apekrithe autois ho Iesous· Ouk estin gegrammenon en to nomo hymon hoti Ego eipa· Theoi este)—Jesus quotes Psalm 82:6, where God addresses human judges as 'gods' (אֱלֹהִים, elohim; θεοί, theoi) because they exercise God-delegated judicial authority. His argument moves from lesser to greater: if Scripture calls mere human judges 'gods' functionally, how much more can the one whom the Father sanctified and sent claim divine sonship?

This is qal va-chomer reasoning (light to heavy)—if lesser beings can be called 'gods' in a representative sense, the incarnate Word who is eternally God cannot be charged with blasphemy for claiming what He intrinsically is. Jesus isn't arguing He's merely a 'god' like judges, but defending the appropriateness of His deity claim based on Scripture's own usage.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Psalm 82 was well-known in Second Temple Judaism. Jesus's clever exegesis uses their own Scripture to demonstrate consistency: if the Bible uses 'god' language for human authorities, His claim to deity—backed by miraculous works—cannot be dismissed as blasphemy without Scripture contradicting itself. This rabbinical argumentation method was common in first-century debate.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus's use of Scripture to defend His deity claims demonstrate that the Old Testament anticipated the Incarnation?
  2. What's the difference between human judges called 'gods' functionally and Jesus who is God ontologically?
  3. How should Christians use Jesus's example of Scriptural reasoning when defending the faith against objections?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
ἀπεκρίθη1 of 15

answered

G611

to conclude for oneself, i.e., (by implication) to respond; by hebraism (compare h6030) to begin to speak (where an address is expected)

αὐτοῖς2 of 15

them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

3 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰησοῦς4 of 15

Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

Οὐκ5 of 15

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἔστιν6 of 15

Is it

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

γεγραμμένον7 of 15

written

G1125

to "grave", especially to write; figuratively, to describe

ἐν8 of 15

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τῷ9 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

νόμῳ10 of 15

law

G3551

law (through the idea of prescriptive usage), genitive case (regulation), specially, (of moses (including the volume); also of the gospel), or figurat

ὑμῶν11 of 15

your

G5216

of (from or concerning) you

Ἐγὼ12 of 15

I

G1473

i, me

εἶπα13 of 15

said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

Θεοί14 of 15

gods

G2316

a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)

ἐστε15 of 15

Ye are

G2075

ye are


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of John. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

John 10:34 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to John 10:34 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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