King James Version

What Does 1 Peter 2:18 Mean?

1 Peter 2:18 in the King James Version says “Servants, be subject to your masters with all fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward. — study this verse from 1 Peter chapter 2 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Servants, be subject to your masters with all fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward.

1 Peter 2:18 · KJV


Context

16

As free, and not using your liberty for a cloke of maliciousness, but as the servants of God. using: Gr. having

17

Honour all men. Love the brotherhood. Fear God. Honour the king. Honour all: or, Esteem all

18

Servants, be subject to your masters with all fear; not only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward.

19

For this is thankworthy, if a man for conscience toward God endure grief, suffering wrongfully. thankworthy: or, thank

20

For what glory is it, if, when ye be buffeted for your faults, ye shall take it patiently? but if, when ye do well, and suffer for it, ye take it patiently, this is acceptable with God. acceptable: or, thank


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Peter addresses Christian slaves directly: "Servants, be subject to your masters with all fear" (hoi oiketai hypotassomenoi en panti phobō tois despotais). "Servants" (oiketai) were household slaves. "Subject" (hypotassomenoi) means voluntary submission. "With all fear" (en panti phobō) indicates reverent respect. Peter qualifies: "not only to the good and gentle, but also to the froward" (ou monon tois agathois kai epieikesin alla kai tois skoliois). Easy to serve kind masters; difficult to serve "froward" (skoliois, crooked, harsh) ones. Yet submission extends even to unjust masters—not approving injustice but maintaining Christian witness despite it.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Roman Empire's economy depended on slavery—estimates suggest 30-40% of population enslaved. Masters had absolute power; slaves had no legal rights. Christianity didn't immediately abolish slavery (beyond early church's capacity) but transformed it from within by calling masters and slaves to mutual Christian respect (Ephesians 6:5-9, Colossians 3:22-4:1). Peter addresses slaves' difficult reality: many served harsh, unjust masters. Rather than rebellion (futile and dangerous), Peter calls for faithful service as Christian witness. This eventually undermined slavery by elevating slaves' dignity and limiting masters' behavior.

Reflection Questions

  1. How can modern employees apply Peter's teaching about serving difficult supervisors 'as unto the Lord'?
  2. What's the difference between enduring unjust treatment as Christian witness versus enabling ongoing abuse?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
Οἱ1 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

οἰκέται2 of 18

Servants

G3610

a fellow resident, i.e., menial domestic

ὑποτασσόμενοι3 of 18

be subject

G5293

to subordinate; reflexively, to obey

ἐν4 of 18

with

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

παντὶ5 of 18

all

G3956

all, any, every, the whole

φόβῳ6 of 18

fear

G5401

alarm or fright

τοῖς7 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δεσπόταις8 of 18

to your masters

G1203

an absolute ruler ("despot")

οὐ9 of 18

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

μόνον10 of 18

only

G3440

merely

τοῖς11 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀγαθοῖς12 of 18

to the good

G18

"good" (in any sense, often as noun)

καὶ13 of 18

also

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐπιεικέσιν14 of 18

gentle

G1933

appropriate, i.e., (by implication) mild

ἀλλὰ15 of 18

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

καὶ16 of 18

also

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τοῖς17 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σκολιοῖς18 of 18

to the froward

G4646

warped, i.e., winding; figuratively, perverse


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Peter. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Peter 2:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Peter 2:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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