About Judges

Judges describes the dark period between Joshua and Samuel, showing repeated cycles of sin, oppression, crying out, and deliverance.

Author: Samuel (traditionally)Written: c. 1050-1000 BCReading time: ~4 minVerses: 35
Cycle of SinDeliveranceApostasyGod's GraceHuman FailureLeadership

King James Version

Judges 8

35 verses with commentary

Gideon Defeats Midian

And the men of Ephraim said unto him, Why hast thou served us thus, that thou calledst us not, when thou wentest to fight with the Midianites? And they did chide with him sharply. Why: Heb. What thing is this thou hast done unto us sharply: Heb. strongly

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the men of Ephraim said unto him, Why hast thou served us thus, that thou calledst us not, when thou wentest to fight with the Midianites? And they did chide with him sharply.</strong><br><br>Ephraim's confrontation with Gideon reveals tribal pride that threatened Israel's unity. The phrase <strong>Why hast thou served us thus</strong> (<em>mah-hadavar hazzeh asita lanu</em>, מָה־הַדָּ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(1) **The men of Ephraim.**—The arrogance of this tribe was derived partly from its strength, and partly from the memories of their ancestor Joseph; from the double portion which Joseph had received in memorial of his pre-eminence; from the fact that Jacob, in his blessing, had preferred the younger Ephraim before his elder brother, Manasseh; and from the almost regal influence which had been so l...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14-28. Now therefore fear the Lord, and serve him in sincerity and in truth--**After having enumerated so many grounds for national gratitude, Joshua calls on them to declare, in a public and solemn manner, whether they will be faithful and obedient to the God of Israel. He avowed this to be his own unalterable resolution, and urged them, if they were sincere in making a similar avowal, "to put ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 8 Chapter Outline Gideon pacifies the Ephraimites.(1-3) Succoth and Penuel refuse to relieve Gideon.(4-12) Succoth and Penuel punished.(13-17) Gideon avenges his brethren.(18-21) Gideon declines the government, but given occasion for idolatry.(22-28) Gideon's death, Israel's ingratitude.(29-35) **Verses 1-3** Those who will not attempt or venture any thing...
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And he said unto them, What have I done now in comparison of you? Is not the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abiezer?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he said unto them, What have I done now in comparison of you? Is not the gleaning of the grapes of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abiezer?</strong><br><br>Gideon's response demonstrates remarkable wisdom and humility, turning away wrath through gentle words (Proverbs 15:1). Rather than defending his actions or asserting divine authority for his leadership, he employed diplomatic fl...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **What have I done now in comparison of you?**—Since Gideon was by no means a man of very placable and pacific disposition, we see the strong and noble self-control which this answer manifests. He was not in a condition, even had he wished it, to humble the fierce jealousy of this kindred tribe, as the more independent Jephthah, who was not so closely bound to them, did not scruple to do. He r...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14-28. Now therefore fear the Lord, and serve him in sincerity and in truth--**After having enumerated so many grounds for national gratitude, Joshua calls on them to declare, in a public and solemn manner, whether they will be faithful and obedient to the God of Israel. He avowed this to be his own unalterable resolution, and urged them, if they were sincere in making a similar avowal, "to put ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 8 Chapter Outline Gideon pacifies the Ephraimites.(1-3) Succoth and Penuel refuse to relieve Gideon.(4-12) Succoth and Penuel punished.(13-17) Gideon avenges his brethren.(18-21) Gideon declines the government, but given occasion for idolatry.(22-28) Gideon's death, Israel's ingratitude.(29-35) **Verses 1-3** Those who will not attempt or venture any thing...
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God hath delivered into your hands the princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb: and what was I able to do in comparison of you? Then their anger was abated toward him, when he had said that. anger: Heb. spirit

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>God hath delivered into your hands the princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb: and what was I able to do in comparison of you? Then their anger was abated toward him, when he had said that.</strong><br><br>Gideon's argument climaxes by attributing glory to God and to Ephraim while minimizing his own role. The phrase <strong>God hath delivered into your hands</strong> (<em>beyedkhem natan Elohim<...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **Then their anger was abated towards him.**—The soft answer turned away wrath (Proverbs 15:1). The word for anger is *mach, *“wind,” or “spirit”—anger expressed by fierce breathing through the nostrils, “the *blast *of the terrible ones” (Isaiah 25:4). (Comp. Ecclesiastes 10:4 : “If the spirit (*ruach*) of the ruler rise up against thee, leave not thy place; for *yielding pacifieth great offe...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14-28. Now therefore fear the Lord, and serve him in sincerity and in truth--**After having enumerated so many grounds for national gratitude, Joshua calls on them to declare, in a public and solemn manner, whether they will be faithful and obedient to the God of Israel. He avowed this to be his own unalterable resolution, and urged them, if they were sincere in making a similar avowal, "to put ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

Chapter 8 Chapter Outline Gideon pacifies the Ephraimites.(1-3) Succoth and Penuel refuse to relieve Gideon.(4-12) Succoth and Penuel punished.(13-17) Gideon avenges his brethren.(18-21) Gideon declines the government, but given occasion for idolatry.(22-28) Gideon's death, Israel's ingratitude.(29-35) **Verses 1-3** Those who will not attempt or venture any thing...
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And Gideon came to Jordan, and passed over, he, and the three hundred men that were with him, faint, yet pursuing them.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Gideon came to Jordan, and passed over, he, and the three hundred men that were with him, faint, yet pursuing them.</strong><br><br>This verse captures the paradox of divinely empowered human weakness. The phrase <strong>faint, yet pursuing</strong> (<em>ayefim ve-rodphim</em>, עֲיֵפִים וְרֹדְפִים) juxtaposes exhaustion with relentless determination. The participle <em>ayefim</em> (עֲי...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(4) **And Gideon came to Jordan.**—This verse resumes the narrative of Judges 7:23. The intermediate verses are an episode, and they are only here introduced by anticipation, in order to close the notice about the tribe of Ephraim. **And passed over.**—Literally, *passing over; *but the English Version is correct as to the meaning, and it may be regarded as certain that Succoth was to the east of ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14-28. Now therefore fear the Lord, and serve him in sincerity and in truth--**After having enumerated so many grounds for national gratitude, Joshua calls on them to declare, in a public and solemn manner, whether they will be faithful and obedient to the God of Israel. He avowed this to be his own unalterable resolution, and urged them, if they were sincere in making a similar avowal, "to put ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 4-12** Gideon's men were faint, yet pursuing; fatigued with what they had done, yet eager to do more against their enemies. It is many a time the true Christian's case, fainting, and yet pursuing. The world knows but little of the persevering and successful struggle the real believer maintains with his sinful heart. But he betakes himself to that Divine strength, in the faith of which...
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And he said unto the men of Succoth, Give, I pray you, loaves of bread unto the people that follow me; for they be faint, and I am pursuing after Zebah and Zalmunna, kings of Midian.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he said unto the men of Succoth, Give, I pray you, loaves of bread unto the people that follow me; for they be faint, and I am pursuing after Zebah and Zalmunna, kings of Midian.</strong><br><br>Gideon's request to Succoth was reasonable and urgent. The phrase <strong>Give, I pray you, loaves of bread</strong> (<em>tenu-na kikkrot-lechem</em>, תְּנוּ־נָא כִּכְּרֹת־לֶחֶם) uses the parti...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **Unto the men of Succoth.**—The name Succoth means “booths,” and the place was so named, or re-named, because of the “booths” which had been erected there by Jacob on his return from Padanaram (Genesis 33:17; Joshua 13:27). It was situated in the tribe of Gad, and is probably the *Sukkot *mentioned by Burckhardt as on the east of Jordan, south wards from Bethshean. The “valley of Succoth” is ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**29-30. Joshua ... died--**Lightfoot computes that he lived seventeen, others twenty-seven years, after the entrance into Canaan. He was buried, according to the Jewish practice, within the limits of his own inheritance. The eminent public services he had long rendered to Israel and the great amount of domestic comfort and national prosperity he had been instrumental in diffusing among the severa...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 4-12** Gideon's men were faint, yet pursuing; fatigued with what they had done, yet eager to do more against their enemies. It is many a time the true Christian's case, fainting, and yet pursuing. The world knows but little of the persevering and successful struggle the real believer maintains with his sinful heart. But he betakes himself to that Divine strength, in the faith of which...
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And the princes of Succoth said, Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand, that we should give bread unto thine army?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the princes of Succoth said, Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand, that we should give bread unto thine army?</strong><br><br>Succoth's response reveals pragmatic faithlessness masquerading as prudence. The sarcastic rhetorical question <strong>Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand</strong> (<em>hakaf Zevach ve-Tsalmunna atah be-yadekha</em>, הֲכַף זֶבַ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand?**—Literally, *Is the fist *(*caph*)* of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thy hand *(*yad*)*? *The general meaning, of course, is clear: “Are you so completely victor as to secure us from the vengeance of these kings?” (Comp. 1Kings 20:11.) But what the exact shade of meaning is in this proverbial expression we do not know. Perhaps it is an allu...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**29-30. Joshua ... died--**Lightfoot computes that he lived seventeen, others twenty-seven years, after the entrance into Canaan. He was buried, according to the Jewish practice, within the limits of his own inheritance. The eminent public services he had long rendered to Israel and the great amount of domestic comfort and national prosperity he had been instrumental in diffusing among the severa...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 4-12** Gideon's men were faint, yet pursuing; fatigued with what they had done, yet eager to do more against their enemies. It is many a time the true Christian's case, fainting, and yet pursuing. The world knows but little of the persevering and successful struggle the real believer maintains with his sinful heart. But he betakes himself to that Divine strength, in the faith of which...
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And Gideon said, Therefore when the LORD hath delivered Zebah and Zalmunna into mine hand, then I will tear your flesh with the thorns of the wilderness and with briers. tear: Heb. thresh

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Gideon said, Therefore when the LORD hath delivered Zebah and Zalmunna into mine hand, then I will tear your flesh with the thorns of the wilderness and with briers.</strong><br><br>Gideon's response mingles prophetic certainty with severe threatened judgment. The phrase <strong>when the LORD hath delivered</strong> (<em>betet Yahweh</em>, בְּתֵת יְהוָה) uses the infinitive construct, ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **And Gideon said.**—Notice in this verse the mixture of heroic faith and barbarous severity. It was this courage and faith (Hebrews 11:32) which ennobled Gideon and made him an example for all time. The ruthlessness of the punishment which he threatened to inflict belongs to the wild times in which he lived, and the very partial spiritual enlightenment of an imperfect dispensation (Matthew 5:...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**31. Israel served the Lord all the days of Joshua--**The high and commanding character of this eminent leader had given so decided a tone to the sentiments and manners of his contemporaries and the memory of his fervent piety and many virtues continued so vividly impressed on the memories of the people, that the sacred historian has recorded it to his immortal honor. "Israel served the Lord all ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 4-12** Gideon's men were faint, yet pursuing; fatigued with what they had done, yet eager to do more against their enemies. It is many a time the true Christian's case, fainting, and yet pursuing. The world knows but little of the persevering and successful struggle the real believer maintains with his sinful heart. But he betakes himself to that Divine strength, in the faith of which...
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And he went up thence to Penuel, and spake unto them likewise: and the men of Penuel answered him as the men of Succoth had answered him.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he went up thence to Penuel, and spake unto them likewise: and the men of Penuel answered him as the men of Succoth had answered him.</strong><br><br>The repetition of Succoth's failure in Penuel demonstrates how covenant unfaithfulness can become culturally normalized. The phrase <strong>he went up thence to Penuel</strong> (<em>vayya'al misham Penuel</em>, וַיַּעַל מִשָּׁם פְּנוּאֵל)...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **He went up thence to Penuel.**—Penuel was also in the tribe of Gad, on the heights above the Jordan valley, on the southern bank of the Jabbok. The name means “face of God,” from Jacob’s vision (Genesis 32:30). It is again mentioned as a fortified town in 1Kings 12:25, but the site has not been identified.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**32. the bones of Joseph--**They had carried these venerable relics with them in all their migrations through the desert, and deferred the burial, according to the dying charge of Joseph himself, till they arrived in the promised land. The sarcophagus, in which his mummied body had been put, was brought thither by the Israelites, and probably buried when the tribe of Ephraim had obtained their se...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 4-12** Gideon's men were faint, yet pursuing; fatigued with what they had done, yet eager to do more against their enemies. It is many a time the true Christian's case, fainting, and yet pursuing. The world knows but little of the persevering and successful struggle the real believer maintains with his sinful heart. But he betakes himself to that Divine strength, in the faith of which...
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And he spake also unto the men of Penuel, saying, When I come again in peace, I will break down this tower.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he spake also unto the men of Penuel, saying, When I come again in peace, I will break down this tower.</strong><br><br>Gideon's threat to Penuel was specific and strategic: destroy their defensive tower. The phrase <strong>When I come again in peace</strong> (<em>beshuvi be-shalom</em>, בְּשׁוּבִי בְשָׁלוֹם) expresses the same prophetic certainty seen in verse 7—not "if" but "when" he...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **When I come again in peace.**—Comp. 1Kings 22:27. **I will break down this tower.**—If the strength of their citadel emboldened them to refuse food to Gideon’s fainting warriors, it would also have helped to protect them against the dreaded vengeance of Midian.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**33. Eleazar the son of Aaron died, and they buried him in ... mount Ephraim--**The sepulchre is at the modern village Awertah, which, according to Jewish travellers, contains the graves also of Ithamar, the brother of Phinehas, the son of Eleazar [Van De Velde].

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 4-12** Gideon's men were faint, yet pursuing; fatigued with what they had done, yet eager to do more against their enemies. It is many a time the true Christian's case, fainting, and yet pursuing. The world knows but little of the persevering and successful struggle the real believer maintains with his sinful heart. But he betakes himself to that Divine strength, in the faith of which...
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Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor, and their hosts with them, about fifteen thousand men, all that were left of all the hosts of the children of the east: for there fell an hundred and twenty thousand men that drew sword. men that: or, every one drawing a sword

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now Zebah and Zalmunna were in Karkor, and their hosts with them, about fifteen thousand men, all that were left of all the hosts of the children of the east: for there fell an hundred and twenty thousand men that drew sword.</strong><br><br>This verse provides crucial military context for Gideon's pursuit. The location <strong>Karkor</strong> (<em>Qarqor</em>, קַרְקֹר) is uncertain—possib...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **In Karkor.**—This was the scene of the third battle, or massacre. When they had reached this distant point they probably felt secure. *Karkor *means, “a safe enclosure,” and the Vulg., regarding it as an ordinary noun, renders it, “where Zebah and Zalmunna were resting.” Eusebius and Jerome identify Karkor with a fortress named *Karkaria, *a day’s journey north of Petra; but, from the menti...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 4-12** Gideon's men were faint, yet pursuing; fatigued with what they had done, yet eager to do more against their enemies. It is many a time the true Christian's case, fainting, and yet pursuing. The world knows but little of the persevering and successful struggle the real believer maintains with his sinful heart. But he betakes himself to that Divine strength, in the faith of which...
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And Gideon went up by the way of them that dwelt in tents on the east of Nobah and Jogbehah, and smote the host: for the host was secure.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Gideon went up by the way of them that dwelt in tents on the east of Nobah and Jogbehah, and smote the host: for the host was secure.</strong><br><br>Gideon's tactical approach demonstrates military wisdom combined with faith. The phrase <strong>by the way of them that dwelt in tents</strong> (<em>derekh hashshokenim ba-ohalim</em>, דֶּרֶךְ הַשֹּׁכְנִים בָּאֳהָלִים) indicates he approa...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **By the way of them that dwelt in tents.**—He seems to have taken a wide circuit, through some nomad district, leaving the main road, which runs through Nobah and Jogbehah, so as once more to make up for his inferior numbers (for there were still 15,000 left of these children of the East) by surprise and stratagem. **Nobah.**—In Gilead, belonging to the half-tribe of Manasseh (Numbers 32:42)...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 4-12** Gideon's men were faint, yet pursuing; fatigued with what they had done, yet eager to do more against their enemies. It is many a time the true Christian's case, fainting, and yet pursuing. The world knows but little of the persevering and successful struggle the real believer maintains with his sinful heart. But he betakes himself to that Divine strength, in the faith of which...
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And when Zebah and Zalmunna fled, he pursued after them, and took the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and discomfited all the host. discomfited: Heb. terrified

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And when Zebah and Zalmunna fled, he pursued after them, and took the two kings of Midian, Zebah and Zalmunna, and discomfited all the host.</strong><br><br>The capture of Zebah and Zalmunna completes Gideon's divinely appointed mission. The kings' names carry symbolic weight: <strong>Zebah</strong> (<em>Zevach</em>, זֶבַח) means "sacrifice" while <strong>Zalmunna</strong> (<em>Tsalmunna</...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) **When Zebah and Zalmunna fled.**—In Psalm 83:13-14, we, perhaps, find a reminiscence of the precipitancy of their flight, “like a wheel,” *i.e., *like a winged, rolling seed, and like stubble before a hurricane, and like a conflagration leaping through a mountain forest. (*Dict. of Bible, *s. v. *Oreb; *Stanley, i. 347.) **Discomfited.**—Rather, as in the margin, *terrified. *It was the infl...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

THE BOOK OF JUDGES. Commentary by Robert Jamieson CHAPTER 1 Jud 1:1-3. The Acts of Judah and Simeon. **1. Now after the death of Joshua--**probably not a long period, for the Canaanites seem to have taken advantage of that event to attempt recovering their lost position, and the Israelites were obliged to renew the war. **the children of Israel asked the Lord--**The divine counsel on this, a...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 4-12** Gideon's men were faint, yet pursuing; fatigued with what they had done, yet eager to do more against their enemies. It is many a time the true Christian's case, fainting, and yet pursuing. The world knows but little of the persevering and successful struggle the real believer maintains with his sinful heart. But he betakes himself to that Divine strength, in the faith of which...
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And Gideon the son of Joash returned from battle before the sun was up,

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Gideon the son of Joash returned from battle before the sun was up</strong>—The Hebrew phrase <em>mima'aleh heheres</em> (מִמַּעֲלֵה הֶחָרֶס) literally means "from the ascent of Heres" or "before the sun." This marks Gideon's swift return from pursuing the Midianite kings Zebah and Zalmunna across the Jordan. The timing emphasizes his military efficiency and determination—he didn't del...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **Before the sun was up.**—If the rendering were certain, it would prove that he had made a night attack on Karkor; but it seems more probable that the words should be rendered “from the ascent of Heres,” or “of Hechares,” as in the LXX., Peshito, and Arabic. If so, it implies that he came round by some other road to attack Succoth. The word for “going up” is *maaleh, *as in *Maaleh Ahrabbim,...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**2. the Lord said, Judah shall go up--**The predicted pre-eminence (Ge 49:8) was thus conferred upon Judah by divine direction, and its appointment to take the lead in the ensuing hostilities was of great importance, as the measure of success by which its arms were crowned, would animate the other tribes to make similar attempts against the Canaanites within their respective territories. **I ha...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-17** The active servants of the Lord meet with more dangerous opposition from false professors than from open enemies; but they must not care for the behaviour of those who are Israelites in name, but Midianites in heart. They must pursue the enemies of their souls, and of the cause of God, though they are ready to faint through inward conflicts and outward hardships. And they shal...
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And caught a young man of the men of Succoth, and enquired of him: and he described unto him the princes of Succoth, and the elders thereof, even threescore and seventeen men. described: Heb. writ

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Literacy in Ancient Israel:</strong> This verse provides remarkable evidence of widespread literacy in ancient Israel. The Hebrew word <em>וַיִּכְתָּב</em> (vayikhtov, "and he wrote/described") indicates the young man could write down the names of seventy-seven leaders. <strong>Cultural Significance:</strong> This casual mention of a randomly captured youth being literate suggests educatio...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Caught a young man.**—Comp. Judges 1:24. **Described.**—Marg. *writ, i.e.: *the boy wrote down their names (LXX., *apegrapsato; *Vulg., *descripsit*)*.* **Threescore and seventeen.**—Perhaps a sort of local Sanhedrin of Seventy (Numbers 11:16), with their presiding sheykhs. The number shows that Succoth was a place of considerable importance.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**3. Judah said unto Simeon his brother, Come up with me ..., that we may fight against the Canaanites--**Being conterminous tribes (Jos 19:1, 2), they had a common interest, and were naturally associated in this enterprise.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-17** The active servants of the Lord meet with more dangerous opposition from false professors than from open enemies; but they must not care for the behaviour of those who are Israelites in name, but Midianites in heart. They must pursue the enemies of their souls, and of the cause of God, though they are ready to faint through inward conflicts and outward hardships. And they shal...
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And he came unto the men of Succoth, and said, Behold Zebah and Zalmunna, with whom ye did upbraid me, saying, Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in thine hand, that we should give bread unto thy men that are weary?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he came unto the men of Succoth, and said, Behold Zebah and Zalmunna, with whom ye did upbraid me</strong>—Gideon's confrontation with Succoth recalls their earlier mockery when he requested bread for his exhausted troops (8:5-6). The verb <em>charaph</em> (חָרַף, "upbraid/reproach") indicates scornful contempt—the elders of Succoth had demanded tangible proof of victory before offerin...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **That are weary.**—The addition of these words enhances the guilt of these elders, though the exhaustion of Gideon’s force may have seemed to them a reason for alarm, lest their pursuit should end in rout.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-17** The active servants of the Lord meet with more dangerous opposition from false professors than from open enemies; but they must not care for the behaviour of those who are Israelites in name, but Midianites in heart. They must pursue the enemies of their souls, and of the cause of God, though they are ready to faint through inward conflicts and outward hardships. And they shal...
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And he took the elders of the city, and thorns of the wilderness and briers, and with them he taught the men of Succoth. taught: Heb. made to know

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he took the elders of the city, and thorns of the wilderness and briers, and with them he taught the men of Succoth</strong>—The Hebrew verb <em>yada</em> (יָדַע, "taught") is deeply ironic. This word typically means "to know" or "to instruct," but here it's a euphemism for violent punishment—Gideon "taught them a lesson" through torture. The phrase "thorns of the wilderness and briers...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **He taught.**—Literally, *made to know *(Proverbs 10:9); but דע may be a misreading for ישׂ “he threshed,” as in Judges 6:7. (Vulg. *contrivit atque comminuit.*) **The men of Succoth.**—*i.e., *the elders. Gideon would be well aware that in an Oriental city the mass of the people have no voice in any decision. Ewald takes it to mean, “By them (the slain elders) he taught the (rest of the) pe...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jud 1:4-21. Adoni-bezek Justly Requited. **5-6. Bezek--**This place lay within the domain of Judah, about twelve miles south of Jerusalem. **found Adoni-bezek--**that is, "lord of Bezek"--he was "found," that is, surprised and routed in a pitched battle, whence he fled; but being taken prisoner, he was treated with a severity unusual among the Israelites, for they "cut off his thumbs and great ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-17** The active servants of the Lord meet with more dangerous opposition from false professors than from open enemies; but they must not care for the behaviour of those who are Israelites in name, but Midianites in heart. They must pursue the enemies of their souls, and of the cause of God, though they are ready to faint through inward conflicts and outward hardships. And they shal...
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And he beat down the tower of Penuel, and slew the men of the city.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he beat down the tower of Penuel, and slew the men of the city</strong>—Gideon's punishment of Penuel was even more severe than Succoth's torture. The verb <em>nathats</em> (נָתַץ, "beat down/demolished") indicates complete destruction of the city's defensive tower, eliminating their military protection. The phrase "slew the men of the city" (<em>vayyaharog et-anshei ha'ir</em>, וַיַּה...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **Beat down the tower.**—The importance of the place led to its re-fortification by Jeroboam (1Kings 12:25).

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

Jud 1:4-21. Adoni-bezek Justly Requited. **5-6. Bezek--**This place lay within the domain of Judah, about twelve miles south of Jerusalem. **found Adoni-bezek--**that is, "lord of Bezek"--he was "found," that is, surprised and routed in a pitched battle, whence he fled; but being taken prisoner, he was treated with a severity unusual among the Israelites, for they "cut off his thumbs and great ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 13-17** The active servants of the Lord meet with more dangerous opposition from false professors than from open enemies; but they must not care for the behaviour of those who are Israelites in name, but Midianites in heart. They must pursue the enemies of their souls, and of the cause of God, though they are ready to faint through inward conflicts and outward hardships. And they shal...
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Then said he unto Zebah and Zalmunna, What manner of men were they whom ye slew at Tabor? And they answered, As thou art, so were they; each one resembled the children of a king. resembled: Heb. according to the form, etc

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then said he unto Zebah and Zalmunna, What manner of men were they whom ye slew at Tabor?</strong>—This verse transitions from Gideon's punishment of Israelite cities to personal revenge against the Midianite kings. The question reveals that Gideon's pursuit of Zebah and Zalmunna was motivated not solely by military necessity but by blood vengeance for murdered relatives. The phrase "what ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(18) **Then said he unto Zebah and Zalmunna.**—They had been kept alive in order to answer the cowardly taunt of the elders of Succoth. There is nothing to show whether they were put to death at Succoth, as Josephus says, or taken to Ophrah (*Antt. iv.* 7, § 5). Perhaps Gideon reserved their death for the place where he had once lived with his brothers, whom they had slain. **What manner of men we...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7. Threescore and ten kings--**So great a number will not appear strange, when it is considered that anciently every ruler of a city or large town was called a king. It is not improbable that in that southern region of Canaan, there might, in earlier times, have been even more till a turbulent chief like Adoni-bezek devoured them in his insatiable ambition.

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-21** The kings of Midian must be reckoned with. As they confessed themselves guilty of murder, Gideon acted as the avenger of blood, being the next of kin to the persons slain. Little did they think to have heard of this so long after; but murder seldom goes unpunished in this life. Sins long forgotten by man, must be accounted for to God. What poor consolation in death from the ho...
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And he said, They were my brethren, even the sons of my mother: as the LORD liveth, if ye had saved them alive, I would not slay you.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>They were my brethren, even the sons of my mother: as the LORD liveth, if ye had saved them alive, I would not slay you</strong>—Gideon's oath invokes Yahweh's name (<em>chai-Yahweh</em>, חַי־יְהוָה, "as the LORD lives"), the most solemn oath formula in Israel, ironically using God's holy name to sanction personal revenge. This reveals the moral confusion plaguing even Israel's deliverers ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **The sons of my mother.**—Comp. Genesis 43:29. **As the Lord liveth.**—Ruth 3:13; 1Samuel 14:41. (Comp. *Æn. *xii. 949.)

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**8. Now the children of Judah had fought against Jerusalem, and had taken it--**The capture of this important city, which ranks among the early incidents in the war of invasion (Jos 15:63), is here noticed to account for its being in the possession of the Judahites; and they brought Adoni-bezek thither [Jud 1:7], in order, probably, that his fate being rendered so public, might inspire terror far...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-21** The kings of Midian must be reckoned with. As they confessed themselves guilty of murder, Gideon acted as the avenger of blood, being the next of kin to the persons slain. Little did they think to have heard of this so long after; but murder seldom goes unpunished in this life. Sins long forgotten by man, must be accounted for to God. What poor consolation in death from the ho...
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And he said unto Jether his firstborn, Up, and slay them. But the youth drew not his sword: for he feared, because he was yet a youth.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And he said unto Jether his firstborn, Up, and slay them. But the youth drew not his sword: for he feared, because he was yet a youth</strong>—Gideon's command to his son Jether to execute the Midianite kings reveals disturbing psychological manipulation. The imperative <em>qum</em> (קוּם, "up/arise") followed by <em>harog</em> (הֲרֹג, "slay") is jarring—ordering a young man (Hebrew <em>na...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **And he said unto Jether.**—By the *jus talionis. *as well as by every other consideration of that time, Gideon, as the last survivor of all his kingly brothers, would hold himself justified in putting his captives to death. Jether also would inherit the duties of goel (Numbers 35:12; 2Samuel 2:22, &c), and Gideon desired both to train the boy to fearlessness against the enemies of Israel (J...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-21** The kings of Midian must be reckoned with. As they confessed themselves guilty of murder, Gideon acted as the avenger of blood, being the next of kin to the persons slain. Little did they think to have heard of this so long after; but murder seldom goes unpunished in this life. Sins long forgotten by man, must be accounted for to God. What poor consolation in death from the ho...
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Then Zebah and Zalmunna said, Rise thou, and fall upon us: for as the man is, so is his strength. And Gideon arose, and slew Zebah and Zalmunna, and took away the ornaments that were on their camels' necks. ornaments: or, ornaments like the moon

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then Zebah and Zalmunna said, Rise thou, and fall upon us: for as the man is, so is his strength</strong>—The Midianite kings' response reveals both dignity and contempt. Their proverb, "as the man is, so is his strength" (<em>ki kha-ish gebhurato</em>, כִּי כָאִישׁ גְּבוּרָתוֹ), means a warrior's prowess matches his maturity—implicitly mocking Jether's youth while acknowledging Gideon's p...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(21) **Rise thou, and fall upon us.**—They deprecated the pain and shame of falling by the irresolute hands of a boy. **For as the man . . . his strength.**—Deuteronomy 33:25. “As thy days, so shall thy strength be.” **Ornaments.**—*Saharonim, *“little moons,” crescent-shaped ornaments of gold and silver, still in common use to decorate animals. Isaiah 3:18, “round tires like the moon.” “Niveo *lu...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 18-21** The kings of Midian must be reckoned with. As they confessed themselves guilty of murder, Gideon acted as the avenger of blood, being the next of kin to the persons slain. Little did they think to have heard of this so long after; but murder seldom goes unpunished in this life. Sins long forgotten by man, must be accounted for to God. What poor consolation in death from the ho...
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Gideon's Ephod

Then the men of Israel said unto Gideon, Rule thou over us, both thou, and thy son, and thy son's son also: for thou hast delivered us from the hand of Midian.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then the men of Israel said unto Gideon, Rule thou over us, both thou, and thy son, and thy son's son also: for thou hast delivered us from the hand of Midian.</strong><br><br>Israel's offer of hereditary monarchy represents theological crisis. The phrase 'rule thou over us' (<em>meshal-banu</em>, מְשָׁל־בָּנוּ) uses <em>mashal</em> (מָשַׁל, 'to rule, have dominion'), indicating government...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(22) **Then the men of Israel.**—Here begins the third great phase of the life of Gideon. which was characterised by his noblest act—the refusal of the kingdom—and his most questionable act—the setting up of a schismatic worship. **Rule thou over us.**—The energy and success of Gideon had shown them the advantage of united action under one great leader; but they forgot that Gideon had received a s...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 22-28** Gideon refused the government the people offered him. No good man can be pleased with any honour done to himself, which belongs only to God. Gideon thought to keep up the remembrance of this victory by an ephod, made of the choicest of the spoils. But probably this ephod had, as usual, a teraphim annexed to it, and Gideon intended this for an oracle to be consulted. Many are l...
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And Gideon said unto them, I will not rule over you, neither shall my son rule over you: the LORD shall rule over you.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And Gideon said unto them, I will not rule over you, neither shall my son rule over you: the LORD shall rule over you.</strong><br><br>Gideon's refusal of kingship represents one of Judges' theological high points. After delivering Israel from Midianite oppression, people offered dynastic monarchy: 'Rule thou over us, both thou, and thy son, and thy son's son also' (v. 22). Gideon's respon...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(23) **The Lord shall rule over you.**—Numbers 23:21; Deuteronomy 33:5; 1Samuel 6:12. Gideon refused the splendid temptation of an hereditary crown, though, in strict accordance with Divine guidance, he was willing to be their judge ( *Shaphat, *as in Judges 10:2-3; Judges 12:7, &c.). Cassel compares the remark of Washington when he accepted the Presidency, because he would “obey the voice of the ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 22-28** Gideon refused the government the people offered him. No good man can be pleased with any honour done to himself, which belongs only to God. Gideon thought to keep up the remembrance of this victory by an ephod, made of the choicest of the spoils. But probably this ephod had, as usual, a teraphim annexed to it, and Gideon intended this for an oracle to be consulted. Many are l...
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And Gideon said unto them, I would desire a request of you, that ye would give me every man the earrings of his prey. (For they had golden earrings, because they were Ishmaelites.)

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>I would desire a request of you, that ye would give me every man the earrings of his prey</strong>—Gideon's seemingly modest request marks the beginning of his spiritual decline. The <em>nezem</em> (נֶזֶם, 'nose ring' or 'earring') were golden ornaments plundered from the Ishmaelites/Midianites. The parenthetical note <strong>for they had golden earrings, because they were Ishmaelites</str...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **I would desire a request of you.**—Not unfrequently the magnanimity which has just stood firm under a great trial succumbs to a weaker one. His case did not exactly resemble that of Abraham (Genesis 14:21-23), but it would have been better for his glory if he had acted in a similar spirit. **The earrings of his prey.**—*Nezem *means a ring which, sometimes at least, was worn, especially by ...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 22-28** Gideon refused the government the people offered him. No good man can be pleased with any honour done to himself, which belongs only to God. Gideon thought to keep up the remembrance of this victory by an ephod, made of the choicest of the spoils. But probably this ephod had, as usual, a teraphim annexed to it, and Gideon intended this for an oracle to be consulted. Many are l...
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And they answered, We will willingly give them. And they spread a garment, and did cast therein every man the earrings of his prey.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>We will willingly give them</strong> (נָתוֹן נִתֵּן, <em>naton nitten</em>)—The emphatic Hebrew construction ('giving, we will give') expresses the people's eager enthusiasm to honor Gideon. <strong>They spread a garment</strong> (שִׂמְלָה, <em>simlah</em>), creating an impromptu collection point, and each warrior contributed earrings from his plunder.<br><br>The people's willingness revea...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(25) **We will willingly give.**—Literally, *giving, we will give.* **They spread.**—Perhaps the true reading should be “*he *spread,” as in the LXX. (*aneptuxe*)*.* **A garment.**—Perhaps his own upper garment (*Simlah*)*, *or “a large general’s cloke” (Ewald, *Gesch. *ii. 506).

Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 22-28** Gideon refused the government the people offered him. No good man can be pleased with any honour done to himself, which belongs only to God. Gideon thought to keep up the remembrance of this victory by an ephod, made of the choicest of the spoils. But probably this ephod had, as usual, a teraphim annexed to it, and Gideon intended this for an oracle to be consulted. Many are l...
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And the weight of the golden earrings that he requested was a thousand and seven hundred shekels of gold; beside ornaments, and collars, and purple raiment that was on the kings of Midian, and beside the chains that were about their camels' necks. collars: or, sweet jewels

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>A thousand and seven hundred shekels of gold</strong>—approximately 43 pounds (19.5 kg) of gold, worth millions in modern currency. The Hebrew emphasizes the excessive amount: <strong>beside ornaments, and collars, and purple raiment...and beside the chains</strong>. The repeated 'beside' (לְבַד, <em>levad</em>) underscores the extravagance beyond even the earrings themselves.<br><br><stro...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(26) **A thousand and seven hundred shekels of gold.**—About seventy pounds of gold. This would imply a very large number of nose-rings or earrings (Genesis 24:22), and therefore a slaughter of many leading Midianites. It is analogous to the “three bushels of knights’ rings” which Mago carried to Carthage, and emptied upon the floor of the Carthaginian Senate, after the massacre of the Romans at C...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 22-28** Gideon refused the government the people offered him. No good man can be pleased with any honour done to himself, which belongs only to God. Gideon thought to keep up the remembrance of this victory by an ephod, made of the choicest of the spoils. But probably this ephod had, as usual, a teraphim annexed to it, and Gideon intended this for an oracle to be consulted. Many are l...
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And Gideon made an ephod thereof, and put it in his city, even in Ophrah: and all Israel went thither a whoring after it: which thing became a snare unto Gideon, and to his house.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Gideon made an ephod thereof</strong>—the ephod (אֵפוֹד) was normally the high priest's sacred garment (Exodus 28:6-14), associated with seeking divine guidance. Gideon's creation of an ephod in Ophrah, outside the divinely appointed Tabernacle at Shiloh, constituted unauthorized worship—competing with the legitimate priesthood. He placed it <strong>in his city, even in Ophrah</strong>, es...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(27) **Made an ephod.**—The high priest’s ephod is described in Exodus 28:6-14. It was a sleeveless coat of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen, with two ouches of onyx on the shoulders, bound by a rich girdle. Over this was worn the splendid jewelled breastplate, the *choshen, *with the Urim and Thummim. This ephod, with its “oracular gems,” was by far the most splendid and sacred ...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**16. the children of the Kenite, Moses' father-in-law, went up out of the city of palm trees with the children of Judah--**called "the Kenite," as probably descended from the people of that name (Nu 24:21, 22). If he might not himself, his posterity did accept the invitation of Moses (Nu 10:32) to accompany the Israelites to Canaan. Their first encampment was in the "city of palm trees"--not Jeri...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 22-28** Gideon refused the government the people offered him. No good man can be pleased with any honour done to himself, which belongs only to God. Gideon thought to keep up the remembrance of this victory by an ephod, made of the choicest of the spoils. But probably this ephod had, as usual, a teraphim annexed to it, and Gideon intended this for an oracle to be consulted. Many are l...
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Gideon's Death

Thus was Midian subdued before the children of Israel, so that they lifted up their heads no more. And the country was in quietness forty years in the days of Gideon.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Thus was Midian subdued</strong> (וַיִּכָּנַע מִדְיָן, <em>vayikana midyan</em>)—the verb 'to subdue' (כָּנַע) means to humble or bring low. <strong>They lifted up their heads no more</strong>—a vivid idiom expressing complete defeat and inability to recover threatening posture. Despite Gideon's spiritual failure with the ephod, God's deliverance of Israel stood accomplished.<br><br><stron...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(28) **Thus was Midian subdued.**—This verse closes the second great epoch of Gideon’s life. The separate phrases occur in Judges 1:2; Judges 4:23-24; Judges 5:31. The remaining verses of the chapter furnish us with a few notices of the third and last period of his life.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17-29. And Judah went with Simeon his brother--**The course of the narrative is here resumed from Jud 1:9, and an account given of Judah returning the services of Simeon (Jud 1:3), by aiding in the prosecution of the war within the neighboring tribes. **slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath--**or Zephathah (2Ch 14:10), a valley lying in the southern portion of Canaan. **Hormah--**destro...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 22-28** Gideon refused the government the people offered him. No good man can be pleased with any honour done to himself, which belongs only to God. Gideon thought to keep up the remembrance of this victory by an ephod, made of the choicest of the spoils. But probably this ephod had, as usual, a teraphim annexed to it, and Gideon intended this for an oracle to be consulted. Many are l...
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And Jerubbaal the son of Joash went and dwelt in his own house.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Jerubbaal the son of Joash went and dwelt in his own house</strong>—the use of Gideon's nickname 'Jerubbaal' (יְרֻבַּעַל, 'Let Baal contend') is ironic given the chapter's trajectory. The name commemorated Gideon's destruction of Baal's altar (6:32), yet his legacy becomes tainted by the idolatrous ephod. <strong>Went and dwelt</strong> (וַיֵּשֶׁב, <em>vayeshev</em>) suggests retirement to...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(29) **Jerubbaal.**—The sudden reversion to this name may be significant. Baal had failed to “plead,” but nevertheless Gideon was not safe from idolatrous tendencies.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17-29. And Judah went with Simeon his brother--**The course of the narrative is here resumed from Jud 1:9, and an account given of Judah returning the services of Simeon (Jud 1:3), by aiding in the prosecution of the war within the neighboring tribes. **slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath--**or Zephathah (2Ch 14:10), a valley lying in the southern portion of Canaan. **Hormah--**destro...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 29-35** As soon as Gideon was dead, who kept the people to the worship of the God of Israel, they found themselves under no restraint; then they went after Baalim, and showed no kindness to the family of Gideon. No wonder if those who forget their God, forget their friends. Yet conscious of our own ingratitude to the Lord, and observing that of mankind in general, we should learn to b...
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And Gideon had threescore and ten sons of his body begotten: for he had many wives. of his: Heb. going out of his thigh

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Gideon had threescore and ten sons of his body begotten</strong>—seventy sons, an extraordinary number indicating numerous wives. The phrase <strong>of his body begotten</strong> (יֹצְאֵי יְרֵכוֹ, <em>yotze'ei yerecho</em>, 'going forth from his thigh') is a Hebrew euphemism emphasizing biological paternity. <strong>For he had many wives</strong> (נָשִׁים רַבּוֹת, <em>nashim rabot</em>)—th...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(30) **Threescore and ten sons.**—According to Oriental fashion, no account is taken of his daughters. **He had many wives.**—It is clear that Gideon was a king in all but name. This is the most magnificent, but the least honourable, period of his career. In Deuteronomy 17:17 it had been said of the future king, “Neither shall he multiply wives to himself. . . . neither shall he greatly multiply t...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17-29. And Judah went with Simeon his brother--**The course of the narrative is here resumed from Jud 1:9, and an account given of Judah returning the services of Simeon (Jud 1:3), by aiding in the prosecution of the war within the neighboring tribes. **slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath--**or Zephathah (2Ch 14:10), a valley lying in the southern portion of Canaan. **Hormah--**destro...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 29-35** As soon as Gideon was dead, who kept the people to the worship of the God of Israel, they found themselves under no restraint; then they went after Baalim, and showed no kindness to the family of Gideon. No wonder if those who forget their God, forget their friends. Yet conscious of our own ingratitude to the Lord, and observing that of mankind in general, we should learn to b...
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And his concubine that was in Shechem, she also bare him a son, whose name he called Abimelech. called: Heb. set

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>His concubine that was in Shechem</strong>—the Hebrew פִּילֶגֶשׁ (<em>pilegesh</em>, 'concubine') refers to a secondary wife with lower status than a full wife. That she was <strong>in Shechem</strong> suggests she remained in her father's household rather than Gideon's in Ophrah. <strong>She also bare him a son, whose name he called Abimelech</strong> (אֲבִימֶלֶךְ)—the name means 'my fath...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(31) **His concubine that was in Shechem.**—In Judges 9:18 she is contemptuously called his “maid servant.” The sequel (Judges 9:1-4) seems to show that she belonged to the Canaanite population of Shechem. If so, Gideon’s conduct in making her a concubine was as much against the Mosaic law as that of Solomon, though it may have had the same colour of worldly expediency. But it is probable that the...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17-29. And Judah went with Simeon his brother--**The course of the narrative is here resumed from Jud 1:9, and an account given of Judah returning the services of Simeon (Jud 1:3), by aiding in the prosecution of the war within the neighboring tribes. **slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath--**or Zephathah (2Ch 14:10), a valley lying in the southern portion of Canaan. **Hormah--**destro...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 29-35** As soon as Gideon was dead, who kept the people to the worship of the God of Israel, they found themselves under no restraint; then they went after Baalim, and showed no kindness to the family of Gideon. No wonder if those who forget their God, forget their friends. Yet conscious of our own ingratitude to the Lord, and observing that of mankind in general, we should learn to b...
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And Gideon the son of Joash died in a good old age, and was buried in the sepulchre of Joash his father, in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Gideon the son of Joash died in a good old age</strong>—the phrase טוֹבָה שֵׂיבָה (<em>tovah seivah</em>, 'good old age') typically indicates divine blessing, used of Abraham (Genesis 15:15) and Job (Job 42:17). Despite his spiritual failures, Gideon died peacefully, <strong>buried in the sepulchre of Joash his father, in Ophrah of the Abiezrites</strong>—receiving honorable burial in the ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(32) **And Gideon . . . died.**—Gideon died in peace and prosperity (Genesis 15:15; Genesis 49:29, &c), in a good old age (Job 5:26), but the evil seed which he had sown bore bitter fruit in the next generation.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17-29. And Judah went with Simeon his brother--**The course of the narrative is here resumed from Jud 1:9, and an account given of Judah returning the services of Simeon (Jud 1:3), by aiding in the prosecution of the war within the neighboring tribes. **slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath--**or Zephathah (2Ch 14:10), a valley lying in the southern portion of Canaan. **Hormah--**destro...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 29-35** As soon as Gideon was dead, who kept the people to the worship of the God of Israel, they found themselves under no restraint; then they went after Baalim, and showed no kindness to the family of Gideon. No wonder if those who forget their God, forget their friends. Yet conscious of our own ingratitude to the Lord, and observing that of mankind in general, we should learn to b...
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And it came to pass, as soon as Gideon was dead, that the children of Israel turned again, and went a whoring after Baalim, and made Baalberith their god.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>As soon as Gideon was dead</strong> (כַּאֲשֶׁר מֵת גִּדְעוֹן, <em>ka'asher met gid'on</em>)—the temporal phrase emphasizes immediacy; Israel's apostasy followed instantly upon Gideon's death. <strong>The children of Israel turned again</strong> (שָׁבוּ, <em>shavu</em>)—the same verb used for 'repentance' here describes returning to sin. <strong>Went a whoring after Baalim</strong> repeats ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(33) Turned again.—*Ad vomitum recdierunt *(Serarius) (Psalm 106:13; Psalm 106:21). **Went a whoring after Baalim.**—It was shown again afterwards, in the reign of Ahab, how rapidly unauthorised symbols degenerate into positive idolatry. After all that had occurred it would have been impossible for a Jerubbaal to be a Baal-worshipper, but his little deflection from the appointed ritual soon became...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17-29. And Judah went with Simeon his brother--**The course of the narrative is here resumed from Jud 1:9, and an account given of Judah returning the services of Simeon (Jud 1:3), by aiding in the prosecution of the war within the neighboring tribes. **slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath--**or Zephathah (2Ch 14:10), a valley lying in the southern portion of Canaan. **Hormah--**destro...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 29-35** As soon as Gideon was dead, who kept the people to the worship of the God of Israel, they found themselves under no restraint; then they went after Baalim, and showed no kindness to the family of Gideon. No wonder if those who forget their God, forget their friends. Yet conscious of our own ingratitude to the Lord, and observing that of mankind in general, we should learn to b...
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And the children of Israel remembered not the LORD their God, who had delivered them out of the hands of all their enemies on every side:

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The children of Israel remembered not the LORD their God</strong> (לֹא זָכְרוּ, <em>lo zachru</em>)—the verb 'to remember' (זָכַר) in Hebrew means far more than mental recall; it means to act in accordance with covenant relationship. Israel's failure to 'remember' was not amnesia but covenant violation. <strong>Who had delivered them out of the hands of all their enemies on every side</str...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(34) **Remembered not the Lord their God.**—According to Judges 9:46, they looked on Baal as their *Elohim, *and forgot that Jehovah was the one God. There was always this tendency to syncretism, as a half-way step towards idolatry. Zephaniah (Judges 1:5) mentions them “that swear by the Lord, and that swear by Malcham” (*i.e., *Moloch), and the Samaritans “feared the Lord and served their own god...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17-29. And Judah went with Simeon his brother--**The course of the narrative is here resumed from Jud 1:9, and an account given of Judah returning the services of Simeon (Jud 1:3), by aiding in the prosecution of the war within the neighboring tribes. **slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath--**or Zephathah (2Ch 14:10), a valley lying in the southern portion of Canaan. **Hormah--**destro...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 29-35** As soon as Gideon was dead, who kept the people to the worship of the God of Israel, they found themselves under no restraint; then they went after Baalim, and showed no kindness to the family of Gideon. No wonder if those who forget their God, forget their friends. Yet conscious of our own ingratitude to the Lord, and observing that of mankind in general, we should learn to b...
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Neither shewed they kindness to the house of Jerubbaal, namely, Gideon, according to all the goodness which he had shewed unto Israel.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Neither shewed they kindness to the house of Jerubbaal, namely, Gideon</strong>—<em>chesed</em> (חֶסֶד), the great covenant word meaning 'loyal love, steadfast kindness,' appears here in its absence. <strong>According to all the goodness which he had shewed unto Israel</strong>—despite Gideon's deliverance of the nation from Midianite oppression, Israel failed to show gratitude or protect ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(35) **Jerubbaal, namely, Gideon.**—It is doubtful whether we should not join the two names (Jerubbaal-Gideon), as in the Vulgate. Both names may be here allusive. He had been the “hewer” of their enemies and a “pleader against Baal,” yet they were ungrateful to him, and apostatised to Baal-worship. **According to all the goodness which he had shewed unto Israel.**—See Judges 9:17-18. Ellicott's C...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17-29. And Judah went with Simeon his brother--**The course of the narrative is here resumed from Jud 1:9, and an account given of Judah returning the services of Simeon (Jud 1:3), by aiding in the prosecution of the war within the neighboring tribes. **slew the Canaanites that inhabited Zephath--**or Zephathah (2Ch 14:10), a valley lying in the southern portion of Canaan. **Hormah--**destro...
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Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary

**Verses 29-35** As soon as Gideon was dead, who kept the people to the worship of the God of Israel, they found themselves under no restraint; then they went after Baalim, and showed no kindness to the family of Gideon. No wonder if those who forget their God, forget their friends. Yet conscious of our own ingratitude to the Lord, and observing that of mankind in general, we should learn to b...
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