King James Version

What Does Judges 8:31 Mean?

Judges 8:31 in the King James Version says “And his concubine that was in Shechem, she also bare him a son, whose name he called Abimelech. called: Heb. set — study this verse from Judges chapter 8 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And his concubine that was in Shechem, she also bare him a son, whose name he called Abimelech. called: Heb. set

Judges 8:31 · KJV


Context

29

And Jerubbaal the son of Joash went and dwelt in his own house.

30

And Gideon had threescore and ten sons of his body begotten: for he had many wives. of his: Heb. going out of his thigh

31

And his concubine that was in Shechem, she also bare him a son, whose name he called Abimelech. called: Heb. set

32

And Gideon the son of Joash died in a good old age, and was buried in the sepulchre of Joash his father, in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.

33

And it came to pass, as soon as Gideon was dead, that the children of Israel turned again, and went a whoring after Baalim, and made Baalberith their god.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
His concubine that was in Shechem—the Hebrew פִּילֶגֶשׁ (pilegesh, 'concubine') refers to a secondary wife with lower status than a full wife. That she was in Shechem suggests she remained in her father's household rather than Gideon's in Ophrah. She also bare him a son, whose name he called Abimelech (אֲבִימֶלֶךְ)—the name means 'my father is king' or 'father of a king,' a supremely ironic choice given Gideon's rejection of kingship (v. 23).

This naming reveals Gideon's true ambitions. Though he denied wanting to establish a dynasty, he names his son 'father of a king.' Abimelech's Shechemite connections (his mother's hometown had Canaanite inhabitants) and his inferior status as son of a concubine created the perfect storm for the murderous rivalry described in chapter 9. When leaders say one thing publicly but signal different ambitions privately, they create confusion and competition that devastates the next generation. Names matter in Scripture—they prophesy destiny, and Abimelech fulfilled his ominous name in the most horrifying way.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Shechem was a Canaanite city with a temple to Baal-berith (9:4), located in the territory of Manasseh. Its mixed Israelite-Canaanite population made it a center of religious syncretism. The city had significant covenant history (Joshua 24:1-28), making its apostasy particularly tragic. Concubines' sons often had inferior inheritance rights, creating rivalry with sons of full wives.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do the mixed messages you send create confusion and harm in the next generation?
  2. What ambitions lurk beneath your public denials, revealed in your private choices?
  3. In what ways do compromised family arrangements set up future tragedy?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
וּפִֽילַגְשׁוֹ֙1 of 12

And his concubine

H6370

a concubine; also (masculine) a paramour

אֲשֶׁ֣ר2 of 12
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

בִּשְׁכֶ֔ם3 of 12

that was in Shechem

H7927

shekem, a place in palestine

יָֽלְדָה4 of 12

she also bare

H3205

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

לּ֥וֹ5 of 12
H0
גַם6 of 12
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

הִ֖יא7 of 12
H1931

he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo

בֵּ֑ן8 of 12

him a son

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

וַיָּ֥שֶׂם9 of 12

he called

H7760

to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)

אֶת10 of 12
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

שְׁמ֖וֹ11 of 12

whose name

H8034

an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character

אֲבִימֶֽלֶךְ׃12 of 12

Abimelech

H40

abimelek, the name of two philistine kings and of two israelites


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Judges. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Judges 8:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Judges 8:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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