King James Version

What Does Romans 1:2 Mean?

Romans 1:2 in the King James Version says “(Which he had promised afore by his prophets in the holy scriptures,) — study this verse from Romans chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

(Which he had promised afore by his prophets in the holy scriptures,)

Romans 1:2 · KJV


Context

1

Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God,

2

(Which he had promised afore by his prophets in the holy scriptures,)

3

Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh;

4

And declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead: declared: Gr. determined


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
(Which he had promised afore by his prophets in the holy scriptures,)

The parenthetical nature of verses 2-4 shows Paul immediately grounding the gospel in redemptive history. The verb proepēngeilato (προεπηγγείλατο, 'promised beforehand') emphasizes the antiquity and divine orchestration of salvation—this is not a novel religion but the fulfillment of ancient promises. Dia tōn prophētōn autou (διὰ τῶν προφητῶν αὐτοῦ, 'through His prophets') indicates mediated revelation; God spoke through human instruments inspired by the Holy Spirit (2 Peter 1:21).

En graphais hagiais (ἐν γραφαῖς ἁγίαις, 'in holy scriptures') affirms the written, authoritative, and sacred nature of Old Testament revelation. The adjective hagiais (holy) distinguishes these texts from all other writings—they are set apart, divinely inspired, and infallible. This verse demolishes any notion of discontinuity between Old and New Testaments. The gospel proclaimed by Paul is the very thing Moses, Isaiah, and the psalmists anticipated. Jesus Himself declared, 'These are the Scriptures that testify about Me' (John 5:39). The promise-fulfillment schema is foundational to biblical theology.

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Historical & Cultural Context

First-century Christians, especially Jewish believers, needed assurance that faith in Jesus did not mean abandoning the Hebrew Scriptures. Paul's emphasis on promise-fulfillment addresses this concern directly. The early church read the Old Testament Christologically, seeing prophecies of the Messiah throughout Genesis through Malachi. This interpretive framework was essential for evangelizing Jews and establishing theological legitimacy in a world suspicious of new religions.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the promise-fulfillment structure of Scripture strengthen your confidence in God's faithfulness to His current promises to you?
  2. Where do you see Christ in the Old Testament Scriptures that Paul references here?
  3. How might studying the Old Testament prophets deepen your understanding of the gospel Paul proclaimed?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 9 words
1 of 9

(Which

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

προεπηγγείλατο2 of 9

he had promised afore

G4279

to promise of old

διὰ3 of 9

by

G1223

through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)

τῶν4 of 9
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

προφητῶν5 of 9

prophets

G4396

a foreteller ("prophet"); by analogy, an inspired speaker; by extension, a poet

αὐτοῦ6 of 9
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἐν7 of 9

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

γραφαῖς8 of 9

scriptures

G1124

a document, i.e., holy writ (or its contents or a statement in it)

ἁγίαις9 of 9

the holy

G40

sacred (physically, pure, morally blameless or religious, ceremonially, consecrated)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 1:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 1:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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