King James Version

What Does Romans 1:3 Mean?

Romans 1:3 in the King James Version says “Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh; — study this verse from Romans chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh;

Romans 1:3 · KJV


Context

1

Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto the gospel of God,

2

(Which he had promised afore by his prophets in the holy scriptures,)

3

Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh;

4

And declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead: declared: Gr. determined

5

By whom we have received grace and apostleship, for obedience to the faith among all nations, for his name: for obedience: or, to the obedience of faith


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Concerning his Son Jesus Christ our Lord, which was made of the seed of David according to the flesh;

The content of the gospel is not a philosophy or ethical system but a Person: Iēsou Christou tou kuriou hēmōn (Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν, 'Jesus Christ our Lord'). Each title carries theological weight: Iēsous (Joshua) means 'Yahweh saves,' Christos is the Greek equivalent of Hebrew Mashiach (Messiah/Anointed One), and kurios (Lord) is the LXX translation of the divine name YHWH—a staggering claim of deity.

The participle genomenou (γενομένου, 'was made/became') paired with ek spermatos Dauid (ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυίδ, 'from the seed of David') affirms Jesus's true humanity and Messianic lineage. The phrase kata sarka (κατὰ σάρκα, 'according to the flesh') indicates His human nature, the incarnation of the eternal Son. This fulfills the Davidic Covenant (2 Samuel 7:12-16) that promised an eternal king from David's line. Matthew 1 and Luke 3 meticulously trace Jesus's genealogy through David. Paul's affirmation counters early Gnostic tendencies to deny Christ's full humanity—the gospel requires both true God and true man.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Davidic lineage was crucial for Jewish Messianic expectations. Prophets foretold that the Messiah would come from David's house (Isaiah 9:7; 11:1; Jeremiah 23:5). When Jesus entered Jerusalem, crowds shouted 'Son of David' (Matthew 21:9), recognizing His Messianic credentials. For Roman readers, understanding Jewish Messianic hopes was essential to grasp why Jesus's death and resurrection were 'good news' and not merely the execution of another failed revolutionary.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus's true humanity (κατὰ σάρκα) as the seed of David assure you that He understands your human struggles and temptations?
  2. What Old Testament promises to David does Jesus fulfill, and how does this demonstrate God's covenant faithfulness?
  3. Why is it essential that the gospel concerns a historical Person (Jesus of Nazareth) rather than timeless truths or principles?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 11 words
περὶ1 of 11

Concerning

G4012

properly, through (all over), i.e., around; figuratively with respect to; used in various applications, of place, cause or time (with the genitive cas

τοῦ2 of 11

which

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

υἱοῦ3 of 11

Son

G5207

a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship

αὐτοῦ4 of 11
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

τοῦ5 of 11

which

G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γενομένου6 of 11

was made

G1096

to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)

ἐκ7 of 11

of

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

σπέρματος8 of 11

the seed

G4690

something sown, i.e., seed (including the male "sperm"); by implication, offspring; specially, a remnant (figuratively, as if kept over for planting)

Δαβὶδ9 of 11

of David

G1138

david, the israelite king

κατὰ10 of 11

according

G2596

(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)

σάρκα11 of 11

to the flesh

G4561

flesh (as stripped of the skin), i.e., (strictly) the meat of an animal (as food), or (by extension) the body (as opposed to the soul (or spirit), or


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Romans. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Romans 1:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Romans 1:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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