King James Version

What Does Psalms 78:57 Mean?

Psalms 78:57 in the King James Version says “But turned back, and dealt unfaithfully like their fathers: they were turned aside like a deceitful bow. — study this verse from Psalms chapter 78 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

But turned back, and dealt unfaithfully like their fathers: they were turned aside like a deceitful bow.

Psalms 78:57 · KJV


Context

55

He cast out the heathen also before them, and divided them an inheritance by line, and made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents.

56

Yet they tempted and provoked the most high God, and kept not his testimonies:

57

But turned back, and dealt unfaithfully like their fathers: they were turned aside like a deceitful bow.

58

For they provoked him to anger with their high places, and moved him to jealousy with their graven images.

59

When God heard this, he was wroth, and greatly abhorred Israel:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
But turned back, and dealt unfaithfully like their fathers: they were turned aside like a deceitful bow. The phrase turned back (vayyisogu achor, וַיִּסֹּגוּ אָחוֹר) describes retreat from covenant commitment, not merely stumbling but deliberate desertion. Dealt unfaithfully (vayivgadu, וַיִּבְגְּדוּ) uses the language of marital treachery—Israel played the harlot with other gods (Hosea 1-3).

Like their fathers indicts generational sin patterns. Despite witnessing God's mighty acts, each generation repeated its fathers' faithlessness, proving that spiritual life doesn't transmit genetically—every generation needs new birth (John 3:3-7). The continuity of rebellion demonstrates the depravity of the human heart apart from grace.

The simile like a deceitful bow (nehepchu kekeshet remiyyah, נֶהֶפְכוּ כְּקֶשֶׁת רְמִיָּה) is devastating. A warped bow looks functional but shoots arrows crooked, making it worse than useless—dangerous. Israel appeared to be God's weapon against paganism but instead proved unreliable, missing the target. Only Jesus is the true arrow shot straight to accomplish God's purposes (Isaiah 49:2).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Asaph likely wrote during increasing apostasy in the Northern Kingdom under Jeroboam's golden calf worship (1 Kings 12:25-33) or later syncretistic practices. The 'fathers' reference recalls the wilderness generation's unbelief (Numbers 14) and subsequent judges-era cycles of idolatry.

Reflection Questions

  1. What generational sin patterns might you be unconsciously repeating from your spiritual 'fathers'?
  2. How can believers ensure they're reliable 'weapons' for God's purposes rather than 'deceitful bows'?
  3. In what ways does understanding our natural unfaithfulness drive us to depend on Christ's faithfulness?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 6 words
וַיִּסֹּ֣גוּ1 of 6

But turned back

H5472

properly, to flinch, i.e., (by implication) to go back, literally (to retreat) or figuratively (to apostatize)

וַֽ֭יִּבְגְּדוּ2 of 6

and dealt unfaithfully

H898

to cover (with a garment); figuratively, to act covertly; by implication, to pillage

כַּאֲבוֹתָ֑ם3 of 6

like their fathers

H1

father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application

נֶ֝הְפְּכ֗וּ4 of 6

they were turned aside

H2015

to turn about or over; by implication, to change, overturn, return, pervert

כְּקֶ֣שֶׁת5 of 6

bow

H7198

a bow, for shooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris

רְמִיָּֽה׃6 of 6

like a deceitful

H7423

remissness, treachery


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Psalms. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Psalms 78:57 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Psalms 78:57 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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