King James Version

What Does Matthew 6:17 Mean?

Matthew 6:17 in the King James Version says “But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thine head, and wash thy face; — study this verse from Matthew chapter 6 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thine head, and wash thy face;

Matthew 6:17 · KJV


Context

15

But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.

16

Moreover when ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance: for they disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.

17

But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thine head, and wash thy face;

18

That thou appear not unto men to fast, but unto thy Father which is in secret: and thy Father, which seeth in secret, shall reward thee openly .

19

Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The command to 'anoint thine head, and wash thy face' when fasting instructs maintaining normal appearance rather than advertising spiritual discipline. This doesn't forbid corporate fasting or times when fasting may be public (Acts 13:2-3), but condemns self-promoting displays. The principle is that fasting should be 'unto the Lord' (Romans 14:6-8), not to impress observers. Maintaining normal appearance removes the temptation to pride and ensures proper motive.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Anointing the head with oil and washing the face were normal grooming practices in ancient Palestine. Jesus instructs fasters to appear as on any normal day, keeping their spiritual discipline private between themselves and God, contrary to Pharisaic practice of conspicuous 'suffering.'

Reflection Questions

  1. How can spiritual disciplines be practiced in ways that guard against pride and self-promotion?
  2. What does the instruction to maintain normal appearance while fasting teach about the heart versus external religion?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 12 words
σὺ1 of 12

thou

G4771

thou

δὲ2 of 12

But

G1161

but, and, etc

νηστεύων3 of 12

when thou fastest

G3522

to abstain from food (religiously)

ἄλειψαί4 of 12

anoint

G218

to oil (with perfume)

σου5 of 12

thine

G4675

of thee, thy

τὴν6 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

κεφαλὴν7 of 12

head

G2776

the head (as the part most readily taken hold of), literally or figuratively

καὶ8 of 12

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τὸ9 of 12
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πρόσωπόν10 of 12

face

G4383

the front (as being towards view), i.e., the countenance, aspect, appearance, surface; by implication, presence, person

σου11 of 12

thine

G4675

of thee, thy

νίψαι12 of 12

wash

G3538

to cleanse (especially the hands or the feet or the face); ceremonially, to perform ablution


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 6:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 6:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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