King James Version

What Does Matthew 6:15 Mean?

Matthew 6:15 in the King James Version says “But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 6 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.

Matthew 6:15 · KJV


Context

13

And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen.

14

For if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you:

15

But if ye forgive not men their trespasses, neither will your Father forgive your trespasses.

16

Moreover when ye fast, be not, as the hypocrites, of a sad countenance: for they disfigure their faces, that they may appear unto men to fast. Verily I say unto you, They have their reward.

17

But thou, when thou fastest, anoint thine head, and wash thy face;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
This sobering warning that unforgiveness blocks God's forgiveness creates apparent tension with salvation by grace alone. The resolution lies in distinguishing justification from sanctification—we are forgiven freely through Christ's blood (justification), yet a forgiving spirit is the necessary fruit proving genuine conversion (sanctification). Those who refuse to forgive demonstrate they've never truly understood or received God's forgiveness. The unmerciful servant parable (Matthew 18:23-35) illustrates this principle.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish teaching emphasized forgiving others as prerequisite for God's forgiveness (Sirach 28:2). Jesus radicalizes this by making forgiveness not merely a work earning merit but essential evidence of having received grace. Lack of forgiveness reveals absence of saving faith.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this verse demonstrate that genuine saving faith necessarily produces a forgiving spirit toward others?
  2. What unforgiveness might you be harboring that calls into question whether you truly understand God's grace toward you?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 17 words
ἐὰν1 of 17
G1437

a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty

δὲ2 of 17

But

G1161

but, and, etc

μὴ3 of 17
G3361

(adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas g3756 expects an affirmative one)) whether

ἀφήσει4 of 17

forgive

G863

to send forth, in various applications (as follow)

τοῖς5 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀνθρώποις6 of 17

men

G444

man-faced, i.e., a human being

τὰ7 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

παραπτώματα8 of 17

trespasses

G3900

a side-slip (lapse or deviation), i.e., (unintentional) error or (wilful) transgression

αὐτῶν,9 of 17

their

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

οὐδὲ10 of 17

neither

G3761

not however, i.e., neither, nor, not even

11 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πατὴρ12 of 17

Father

G3962

a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)

ὑμῶν13 of 17

will your

G5216

of (from or concerning) you

ἀφήσει14 of 17

forgive

G863

to send forth, in various applications (as follow)

τὰ15 of 17
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

παραπτώματα16 of 17

trespasses

G3900

a side-slip (lapse or deviation), i.e., (unintentional) error or (wilful) transgression

ὑμῶν17 of 17

will your

G5216

of (from or concerning) you


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 6:15 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 6:15 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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