King James Version

What Does Matthew 28:18 Mean?

Matthew 28:18 in the King James Version says “And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth. — study this verse from Matthew chapter 28 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth.

Matthew 28:18 · KJV


Context

16

Then the eleven disciples went away into Galilee, into a mountain where Jesus had appointed them.

17

And when they saw him, they worshipped him: but some doubted.

18

And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth.

19

Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost: teach: or, make disciples, or, Christians of all nations

20

Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and, lo, I am with you alway , even unto the end of the world. Amen.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The risen Jesus declares total authority: 'All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth' (Greek: ἐδόθη μοι πᾶσα ἐξουσία ἐν οὐρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, 'all authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me'). The word ἐξουσία means authority, right to rule. The passive 'is given' (ἐδόθη) indicates the Father granting authority to the Son. 'All' (πᾶσα) is comprehensive - no realm exceeds Jesus' rule. 'In heaven and earth' encompasses spiritual and physical realms. This authority grounds the Great Commission - Jesus sends disciples with His own authority. Daniel 7:13-14's Son of Man receives everlasting dominion, fulfilled in resurrection.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This declaration comes post-resurrection on a Galilean mountain. Jesus' earthly ministry displayed authority over nature, demons, disease, and death. Resurrection vindicated His claims (Romans 1:4). Early church proclaimed Jesus as cosmic Lord (Philippians 2:9-11, Colossians 1:15-20). Roman authorities demanded Caesar worship, but Christians confessed 'Jesus is Lord,' implying His authority supersedes all earthly powers. This claim grounded missionary expansion and sustained martyrs who obeyed heavenly rather than earthly authority.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus' total authority affect our confidence in obeying the Great Commission?
  2. What areas of life do we struggle to place under Jesus' authority?
  3. How should Jesus' comprehensive authority shape our response to competing authorities?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 16 words
καὶ1 of 16

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

προσελθὼν2 of 16

came

G4334

to approach, i.e., (literally) come near, visit, or (figuratively) worship, assent to

3 of 16
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰησοῦς4 of 16

Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

ἐλάλησεν5 of 16

and spake

G2980

to talk, i.e., utter words

αὐτοῖς6 of 16

unto them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

λέγων,7 of 16

saying

G3004

properly, to "lay" forth, i.e., (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas g2036 and g5346 generally refer to an

Ἐδόθη8 of 16

is given

G1325

to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)

μοι9 of 16

unto me

G3427

to me

πᾶσα10 of 16

All

G3956

all, any, every, the whole

ἐξουσία11 of 16

power

G1849

privilege, i.e., (subjectively) force, capacity, competency, freedom, or (objectively) mastery (concretely, magistrate, superhuman, potentate, token o

ἐν12 of 16

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

οὐρανῷ13 of 16

heaven

G3772

the sky; by extension, heaven (as the abode of god); by implication, happiness, power, eternity; specially, the gospel (christianity)

καὶ14 of 16

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐπὶ15 of 16

in

G1909

properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e., over, upon, etc.; of re

γῆς16 of 16

earth

G1093

soil; by extension a region, or the solid part or the whole of the terrene globe (including the occupants in each application)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 28:18 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 28:18 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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