King James Version

What Does Matthew 24:19 Mean?

Matthew 24:19 in the King James Version says “And woe unto them that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days! — study this verse from Matthew chapter 24 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And woe unto them that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days!

Matthew 24:19 · KJV


Context

17

Let him which is on the housetop not come down to take any thing out of his house:

18

Neither let him which is in the field return back to take his clothes.

19

And woe unto them that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days!

20

But pray ye that your flight be not in the winter, neither on the sabbath day:

21

For then shall be great tribulation, such as was not since the beginning of the world to this time, no, nor ever shall be.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And woe unto them that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days (οὐαὶ δὲ ταῖς ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσαις καὶ ταῖς θηλαζούσαις ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις)—The interjection οὐαί (ouai, "woe") expresses grief and lament, not condemnation. Jesus sympathizes with the unique vulnerability of pregnant women (ἐν γαστρὶ ἐχούσαις, literally "having in the womb") and nursing mothers (θηλαζούσαις, "giving suck"). Their physical condition makes rapid flight over mountainous terrain nearly impossible.

This isn't theoretical—Josephus records horrific accounts from Jerusalem's siege, including a woman who ate her own child during the famine. The prophesied tribulation would be so severe that normal life circumstances become unbearable liabilities. Jesus's compassion here reveals his pastoral heart even while warning of judgment. The phrase ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις ("in those days") points to the specific historical catastrophe of AD 70, though it may have typological application to future tribulation.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient warfare was especially brutal for women and children. Josephus describes mothers hiding their children's food rations, the desperate eating grass, and infanticide during Jerusalem's siege. Pregnant women and nursing mothers, unable to flee quickly or endure harsh conditions, suffered disproportionately. Approximately 1.1 million died and 97,000 were enslaved—many women and children among them. Early Christian women who heeded Jesus's warning and fled to Pella avoided this horror.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus's compassion in this verse reveal his character even in contexts of divine judgment?
  2. What does this teach about God's concern for the vulnerable and physically disadvantaged?
  3. How should churches today care for those whose circumstances make spiritual disciplines or service more difficult?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 13 words
οὐαὶ1 of 13

woe

G3759

woe

δὲ2 of 13

And

G1161

but, and, etc

ταῖς3 of 13
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐν4 of 13

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

γαστρὶ5 of 13

child

G1064

the stomach; by analogy, the matrix; figuratively, a gourmand

ἐχούσαις6 of 13

unto them that are

G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

καὶ7 of 13

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ταῖς8 of 13
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

θηλαζούσαις9 of 13

to them that give suck

G2337

to suckle, (by implication) to suck

ἐν10 of 13

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

ἐκείναις11 of 13

those

G1565

that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed

ταῖς12 of 13
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἡμέραις13 of 13

days

G2250

day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 24:19 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 24:19 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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