King James Version

What Does Mark 10:31 Mean?

Mark 10:31 in the King James Version says “But many that are first shall be last; and the last first. — study this verse from Mark chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But many that are first shall be last; and the last first.

Mark 10:31 · KJV


Context

29

And Jesus answered and said, Verily I say unto you, There is no man that hath left house, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my sake, and the gospel's,

30

But he shall receive an hundredfold now in this time, houses, and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, and children, and lands, with persecutions; and in the world to come eternal life.

31

But many that are first shall be last; and the last first.

32

And they were in the way going up to Jerusalem; and Jesus went before them: and they were amazed; and as they followed, they were afraid. And he took again the twelve, and began to tell them what things should happen unto him,

33

Saying, Behold, we go up to Jerusalem; and the Son of man shall be delivered unto the chief priests, and unto the scribes; and they shall condemn him to death, and shall deliver him to the Gentiles:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Peter said, 'Lo, we have left all, and have followed thee' (Ἰδοὺ ἡμεῖς ἀφήκαμεν πάντα καὶ ἠκολουθήκαμέν σοι). After the rich man departed, Peter noted the disciples' sacrifice—they left everything to follow Jesus. The emphatic 'we' (hēmeis, ἡμεῖς) contrasts disciples with the rich man. They did what he couldn't—forsook all for Christ. Yet Peter's statement hints at self-righteousness—'we left all, so what's our reward?' This prompts Jesus' promise (vv. 29-30) but also warning about pride (v. 31). Peter's question reflects natural human tendency to calculate costs/benefits and seek recognition for sacrifice. Jesus' response teaches that true discipleship doesn't bargain but trusts God's generous reward for any sacrifice made for the gospel.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The disciples had literally left occupations (fishing, tax collecting), families, and possessions to itinerate with Jesus. Compared to wealthy men with houses, lands, and servants, the disciples possessed nothing. Yet their forsaking 'all' was relative—they had little to leave. Jesus' later promise (vv. 29-30) guarantees hundredfold return, not material prosperity gospel but spiritual family in the church. Early Christians similarly left families, possessions, and homeland for gospel ministry (Acts 4:34-37; Philippians 3:7-8). Church history records countless missionaries, martyrs, and ministers who sacrificed worldly security for Christ. Jesus doesn't demean their sacrifice but corrects reward-seeking motivation, teaching that grace crowns service, not merit earning salvation.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Peter's statement 'we have left all' reveal both genuine sacrifice and subtle self-righteousness?
  2. What does Jesus' response teach about proper motivation for Christian sacrifice—not bargaining but trusting God's generous reward?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 9 words
πολλοὶ1 of 9

many

G4183

(singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) many; neuter (singular) as adverbial, largely; neuter (plural) as adverb or noun often, mostly, largely

δὲ2 of 9

But

G1161

but, and, etc

ἔσονται3 of 9

shall be

G2071

will be

πρῶτοι4 of 9

first

G4413

foremost (in time, place, order or importance)

ἔσχατοι5 of 9

last

G2078

farthest, final (of place or time)

καὶ6 of 9

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

οἱ7 of 9
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἔσχατοι8 of 9

last

G2078

farthest, final (of place or time)

πρῶτοι9 of 9

first

G4413

foremost (in time, place, order or importance)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Mark. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Mark 10:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Mark 10:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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