King James Version

What Does Matthew 12:1 Mean?

Matthew 12:1 in the King James Version says “At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the e... — study this verse from Matthew chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat.

Matthew 12:1 · KJV


Context

1

At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat.

2

But when the Pharisees saw it, they said unto him, Behold, thy disciples do that which is not lawful to do upon the sabbath day.

3

But he said unto them, Have ye not read what David did, when he was an hungred, and they that were with him;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Conflict arises on Sabbath: 'At that time Jesus went on the sabbath day through the corn; and his disciples were an hungred, and began to pluck the ears of corn, and to eat' (εν εκεινω τω καιρω επορευθη ο Ιησους τοις σαββασιν δια των σποριμων οι δε μαθηται αυτου επεινασαν και ηρξαντο τιλλειν σταχυας και εσθιειν). 'Sabbath' (σαββασιν) was day of rest (Exodus 20:8-11). 'Corn' (σποριμων) is grain fields. Deuteronomy 23:25 permitted plucking grain from others' fields by hand. The disciples weren't stealing but exercising legitimate provision for hunger. Pharisees objected not to taking grain but to 'work' on Sabbath. They considered plucking and rubbing grain as harvesting and threshing—Sabbath violations. This conflict reveals legalism's corruption: prioritizing tradition over mercy, external compliance over human need.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Pharisaic tradition (Mishnah) identified thirty-nine categories of Sabbath work, including reaping and threshing. Plucking grain fell under reaping; rubbing heads to remove chaff constituted threshing. These traditions transformed Sabbath from blessing to burden. Jesus consistently clashed with Pharisaic Sabbath interpretation (healing on Sabbath, allowing disciples' actions). He insisted Sabbath served humanity, not vice versa (Mark 2:27). Early church's shift from Saturday Sabbath to Sunday worship reflected Jesus' Sabbath reinterpretation and resurrection on first day.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does legalism transform God's blessings into burdens?
  2. What is the proper relationship between Sabbath rest and human need?
  3. How can we avoid pharisaic tendencies in contemporary rule-keeping?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 23 words
Ἐν1 of 23

At

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

ἐκείνῳ2 of 23

that

G1565

that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed

τῷ3 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

καιρῷ4 of 23

time

G2540

an occasion, i.e., set or proper time

ἐπορεύθη5 of 23

went

G4198

to traverse, i.e., travel (literally or figuratively; especially to remove (figuratively, die), live, etc.)

6 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰησοῦς7 of 23

Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

τοῖς8 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σάββασιν9 of 23

on the sabbath day

G4521

the sabbath (i.e., shabbath), or day of weekly repose from secular avocations (also the observance or institution itself); by extension, a se'nnight,

διὰ10 of 23

through

G1223

through (in very wide applications, local, causal, or occasional)

τῶν11 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σπορίμων·12 of 23

the corn

G4702

sown, i.e., (neuter plural) a planted field

οἱ13 of 23
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ14 of 23

and

G1161

but, and, etc

μαθηταὶ15 of 23

disciples

G3101

a learner, i.e., pupil

αὐτοῦ16 of 23

his

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἐπείνασαν17 of 23

were an hungred

G3983

to famish (absolutely or comparatively); figuratively, to crave

καὶ18 of 23

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἤρξαντο19 of 23

began

G756

to commence (in order of time)

τίλλειν20 of 23

to pluck

G5089

to pull off

στάχυας21 of 23

the ears of corn

G4719

a head of grain (as standing out from the stalk)

καὶ22 of 23

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐσθίειν23 of 23

to eat

G2068

used only in certain tenses, the rest being supplied by g5315; to eat (usually literal)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 12:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 12:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study