King James Version

What Does Mark 6:21 Mean?

Mark 6:21 in the King James Version says “And when a convenient day was come, that Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief esta... — study this verse from Mark chapter 6 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And when a convenient day was come, that Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee;

Mark 6:21 · KJV


Context

19

Therefore Herodias had a quarrel against him, and would have killed him; but she could not: a quarrel: or, an inward grudge

20

For Herod feared John, knowing that he was a just man and an holy, and observed him; and when he heard him, he did many things, and heard him gladly. observed him: or, kept him, or, saved him

21

And when a convenient day was come, that Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee;

22

And when the daughter of the said Herodias came in, and danced, and pleased Herod and them that sat with him, the king said unto the damsel, Ask of me whatsoever thou wilt, and I will give it thee.

23

And he sware unto her, Whatsoever thou shalt ask of me, I will give it thee, unto the half of my kingdom.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And when a convenient day was come, that Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee. Herodias's opportunity for revenge arrives through royal celebration. 'A convenient day' (ἡμέρας εὐκαίρου γενομένης, hēmeras eukairou genomenēs) ironically describes what was convenient for Herodias's murderous plot—the Greek εὔκαιρος (eukairos) means opportune or suitable. She waited strategically for the right moment when Herod would be vulnerable. 'Herod on his birthday' (τοῖς γενεσίοις αὐτοῦ, tois genesiois autou) refers to birthday banquet, Roman custom foreign to Jewish tradition but adopted by Herodian dynasty.

'Made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief estates of Galilee' (δεῖπνον ἐποίησεν τοῖς μεγιστᾶσιν αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῖς χιλιάρχοις καὶ τοῖς πρώτοις τῆς Γαλιλαίας, deipnon epoiēsen tois megistāsin autou kai tois chiliarchois kai tois prōtois tēs Galilaias) describes elaborate state dinner for political elite: nobles, military commanders (literally 'commanders of thousands'), and Galilean aristocracy. The setting—alcohol flowing, male pride, public commitments—created circumstances where Herod's weak character would be exploited. This teaches that sinful patterns create vulnerabilities; sexual compromise (Herodias), political ambition, and pride combined to produce tragic injustice.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Roman birthday celebrations were lavish affairs featuring feasting, entertainment, and gift-giving. Jewish tradition didn't celebrate birthdays (considered pagan practice), but Herodian rulers adopted Greco-Roman customs. Archaeological evidence from Herodian palaces shows elaborate banquet halls designed for such entertainments. The guest list—military commanders and regional aristocracy—reflects political nature of the event: demonstrating power, cementing alliances, displaying wealth. Wine flowed freely at such banquets; ancient moralists warned that drunkenness loosened inhibitions and led to poor decisions. The separation of sexes at formal dinners was customary—men dined separately from women, making Herodias's daughter's entrance (v. 22) deliberately provocative. Herod Antipas ruled from his capital Sepphoris or later Tiberias, both displaying Roman sophistication. Early church fathers noted providential irony: Herod celebrated his physical birth while orchestrating death of God's prophet. The 'convenient day' for Herodias's scheme became the tragic day of John's martyrdom.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this 'convenient day' for evil demonstrate that Satan watches for strategic moments of vulnerability to tempt God's people?
  2. What warning does this banquet scene offer about how pride, alcohol, and public commitments can combine to produce devastating moral compromises?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 22 words
καὶ1 of 22

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

γενομένης2 of 22

was come

G1096

to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e., (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)

ἡμέρας3 of 22

day

G2250

day, i.e., (literally) the time space between dawn and dark, or the whole 24 hours (but several days were usually reckoned by the jews as inclusive of

εὐκαίρου4 of 22

when a convenient

G2121

well-timed, i.e., opportune

ὅτε5 of 22

that

G3753

at which (thing) too, i.e., when

Ἡρῴδης6 of 22

Herod

G2264

heroic; herod, the name of four jewish kings

τοῖς7 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

γενεσίοις8 of 22

birthday

G1077

birthday ceremonies

αὐτοῦ9 of 22
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

δεῖπνον10 of 22

a supper

G1173

dinner, i.e., the chief meal (usually in the evening)

ἐποίει11 of 22

made

G4160

to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)

τοῖς12 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

μεγιστᾶσιν13 of 22

lords

G3175

grandees

αὐτοῦ14 of 22
G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

καὶ15 of 22

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τοῖς16 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

χιλιάρχοις17 of 22

high captains

G5506

the commander of a thousand soldiers ("chiliarch"; i.e., colonel

καὶ18 of 22

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τοῖς19 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πρώτοις20 of 22

chief

G4413

foremost (in time, place, order or importance)

τῆς21 of 22
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Γαλιλαίας22 of 22

estates of Galilee

G1056

galilaea (i.e., the heathen circle), a region of palestine


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Mark. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Mark 6:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Mark 6:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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