King James Version

What Does Daniel 5:1 Mean?

Daniel 5:1 in the King James Version says “Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand. — study this verse from Daniel chapter 5 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.

Daniel 5:1 · KJV


Context

1

Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.

2

Belshazzar, whiles he tasted the wine, commanded to bring the golden and silver vessels which his father Nebuchadnezzar had taken out of the temple which was in Jerusalem; that the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, might drink therein. father: or, grandfather taken: Cald. brought forth

3

Then they brought the golden vessels that were taken out of the temple of the house of God which was at Jerusalem; and the king, and his princes, his wives, and his concubines, drank in them.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Daniel 5 shifts to Belshazzar, Nebuchadnezzar's successor. 'Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.' The massive banquet demonstrates royal excess and confidence despite Babylon being under siege by Medo-Persian forces (historical context from 5:30-31). The public drinking 'before the thousand' shows the king's shameless indulgence. This feast becomes backdrop for God's judgment, demonstrating that human revelry cannot prevent divine purposes. The contrast between earthly celebration and impending judgment creates dramatic irony throughout the chapter.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Historical sources (Herodotus, Xenophon) describe Babylon's fall occurring during a feast. Belshazzar ruled as co-regent with his father Nabonidus (explaining why he offers Daniel position as 'third ruler,' 5:16—after Nabonidus and himself). Archaeological discoveries including the Nabonidus Chronicle and Cyrus Cylinder document Babylon's fall in 539 BC to Cyrus the Persian. The feast's timing during siege shows either confidence in Babylon's walls or fatalistic escapism. Ancient banquets demonstrated royal power and prosperity through lavish excess.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the feast during siege illustrate human attempts to maintain normalcy and control when facing inevitable judgment?
  2. What does Belshazzar's public excess teach about how pride manifests in shameless self-indulgence even when facing danger?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
בֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֣ר1 of 11

Belshazzar

H1113

belshatstsar, a babylonian king

מַלְכָּ֗א2 of 11

the king

H4430

a king

עֲבַד֙3 of 11

made

H5648

to do, make, prepare, keep, etc

לְחֶ֣ם4 of 11

feast

H3900

(for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)

רַ֔ב5 of 11

a great

H7229

abundant

לְרַבְרְבָנ֖וֹהִי6 of 11

of his lords

H7261

a magnate

אַלְפָּ֖א7 of 11

the thousand

H506

hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

וְלָקֳבֵ֥ל8 of 11

before

H6903

(adverbially) in front of; usually (with other particles) on account of, so as, since, hence

אַלְפָּ֖א9 of 11

the thousand

H506

hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand

חַמְרָ֥א10 of 11

wine

H2562

wine

שָׁתֵֽה׃11 of 11

and drank

H8355

to imbibe (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Daniel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Daniel 5:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Daniel 5:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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