King James Version

What Does Mark 12:4 Mean?

Mark 12:4 in the King James Version says “And again he sent unto them another servant; and at him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head, and sent him away... — study this verse from Mark chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And again he sent unto them another servant; and at him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully handled.

Mark 12:4 · KJV


Context

2

And at the season he sent to the husbandmen a servant, that he might receive from the husbandmen of the fruit of the vineyard.

3

And they caught him, and beat him, and sent him away empty.

4

And again he sent unto them another servant; and at him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully handled.

5

And again he sent another; and him they killed, and many others; beating some, and killing some.

6

Having yet therefore one son, his wellbeloved, he sent him also last unto them, saying, They will reverence my son.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Again he sent unto them another servant; and at him they cast stones—The owner's patience continues despite escalating violence. Lithoboleō (λιθοβολέω, to stone) was the covenant penalty for blasphemy and rebellion (Leviticus 24:16), ironically now inflicted on God's own messengers. Wounded him in the head (κεφαλαιόω, kephalaioō)—a grievous, potentially fatal injury. Shamefully handled (ἀτιμάζω, atimazō)—dishonored, treated with contempt.

The progression intensifies: beating becomes stoning, injury becomes head wounds, mere rejection becomes public shaming. Yet the owner keeps sending servants, revealing God's incredible patience with covenant-breaking Israel. Each rejected prophet hardens the tenants further, making their guilt inexcusable.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Stoning was Israel's prescribed method for executing covenant breakers (Deuteronomy 17:5). The irony is profound: those charged with guarding God's covenant use covenant penalties against God's prophets. Historical examples include Zechariah son of Jehoiada, stoned in the temple court by order of King Joash (2 Chronicles 24:21), and later tradition records the stoning of Jeremiah in Egypt.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's continued sending of messengers despite repeated rejection reveal both His patience and the tenants' increasing culpability?
  2. In what ways does religious authority become most dangerous when it violently defends itself against prophetic truth?
  3. What progression of resistance do you see in your own life when confronted with unwelcome biblical truth?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 13 words
καὶ1 of 13

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

πάλιν2 of 13

again

G3825

(adverbially) anew, i.e., (of place) back, (of time) once more, or (conjunctionally) furthermore or on the other hand

ἀπέστειλαν3 of 13

he sent

G649

set apart, i.e., (by implication) to send out (properly, on a mission) literally or figuratively

πρὸς4 of 13

unto

G4314

a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e., toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e., pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of,

αὐτοὺς5 of 13

them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἄλλον6 of 13

another

G243

"else," i.e., different (in many applications)

δοῦλον·7 of 13

servant

G1401

a slave (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary; frequently, therefore in a qualified sense of subjection or subserviency)

κἀκεῖνον8 of 13

and at him

G2548

likewise that (or those)

λιθοβολήσαντες9 of 13

they cast stones

G3036

to throw stones, i.e., lapidate

ἐκεφαλαίωσαν10 of 13

and wounded him in the head

G2775

(specially) to strike on the head

καὶ11 of 13

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἀπέστειλαν12 of 13

he sent

G649

set apart, i.e., (by implication) to send out (properly, on a mission) literally or figuratively

ἠτίμωμένον13 of 13

shamefully handled

G821

used like g0818, to maltreat


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Mark. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Mark 12:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

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