King James Version

What Does Luke 4:31 Mean?

Luke 4:31 in the King James Version says “And came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee, and taught them on the sabbath days. — study this verse from Luke chapter 4 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee, and taught them on the sabbath days.

Luke 4:31 · KJV


Context

29

And rose up, and thrust him out of the city, and led him unto the brow of the hill whereon their city was built, that they might cast him down headlong. brow: or, edge

30

But he passing through the midst of them went his way,

31

And came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee, and taught them on the sabbath days.

32

And they were astonished at his doctrine: for his word was with power.

33

And in the synagogue there was a man, which had a spirit of an unclean devil, and cried out with a loud voice,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And came down to Capernaum, a city of Galilee, and taught them on the sabbath days. After Nazareth's violent rejection, Jesus relocated His ministry base to Capernaum. The verb katēlthen (κατῆλθεν, came down) is geographically accurate—Capernaum sits at the Sea of Galilee's shore (about 680 feet below sea level) while Nazareth is in the hill country. The phrase en tois sabbasin (ἐν τοῖς σάββασιν, on the sabbaths) indicates Jesus' regular sabbath teaching in the synagogue.

Capernaum became Jesus' ministry headquarters (Matthew 4:13 calls it "his own city"). Unlike Nazareth, Capernaum received Jesus' teaching and miracles with faith. This pattern fulfills Jesus' principle that a prophet is without honor in his hometown. The shift from Nazareth to Capernaum also symbolizes the gospel moving from those who reject to those who receive it.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Capernaum was a thriving fishing village on the Sea of Galilee's northwest shore, located on the Via Maris trade route. It had a Roman garrison (Matthew 8:5-13) and a customs station where Matthew collected taxes (Matthew 9:9). Archaeological excavations have uncovered a large synagogue (later than Jesus' time, but likely built on the same foundation) and what is traditionally identified as Peter's house. Jesus performed many miracles in Capernaum, making it central to His Galilean ministry. Yet despite witnessing His mighty works, the city ultimately rejected Him, earning severe judgment (Matthew 11:23-24).

Reflection Questions

  1. What does Jesus' relocation from Nazareth to Capernaum teach about God's pattern of taking the gospel from those who reject to those who receive?
  2. How does Jesus' regular Sabbath synagogue teaching demonstrate His commitment to engaging people where they gather for Scripture and worship?
  3. Why is it significant that Capernaum, which received so much of Jesus' ministry, ultimately faced judgment for unbelief?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 14 words
καὶ1 of 14

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

κατῆλθεν2 of 14

came down

G2718

to come (or go) down (literally or figuratively)

εἰς3 of 14

to

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

Καπερναοὺμ4 of 14

Capernaum

G2584

capernaum (i.e., caphanachum), a place in palestine

πόλιν5 of 14

a city

G4172

a town (properly, with walls, of greater or less size)

τῆς6 of 14
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Γαλιλαίας7 of 14

of Galilee

G1056

galilaea (i.e., the heathen circle), a region of palestine

καὶ8 of 14

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἦν9 of 14
G2258

i (thou, etc.) was (wast or were)

διδάσκων10 of 14

taught

G1321

to teach (in the same broad application)

αὐτοὺς11 of 14

them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἐν12 of 14

on

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τοῖς13 of 14
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σάββασιν·14 of 14

the sabbath days

G4521

the sabbath (i.e., shabbath), or day of weekly repose from secular avocations (also the observance or institution itself); by extension, a se'nnight,


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 4:31 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 4:31 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Places in This Verse

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