King James Version

What Does Luke 3:17 Mean?

Luke 3:17 in the King James Version says “Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and will gather the wheat into his garner; but the chaf... — study this verse from Luke chapter 3 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and will gather the wheat into his garner; but the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable.

Luke 3:17 · KJV


Context

15

And as the people were in expectation, and all men mused in their hearts of John, whether he were the Christ, or not; in expectation: or, in suspense mused: or, reasoned, or, debated

16

John answered, saying unto them all, I indeed baptize you with water; but one mightier than I cometh, the latchet of whose shoes I am not worthy to unloose: he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire:

17

Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and will gather the wheat into his garner; but the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable.

18

And many other things in his exhortation preached he unto the people.

19

But Herod the tetrarch, being reproved by him for Herodias his brother Philip's wife, and for all the evils which Herod had done,


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The agricultural metaphor—'Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor'—describes Christ's separating work in judgment. The 'fan' (winnowing fork) tosses grain allowing wind to separate wheat from chaff. That the fan is 'in his hand' indicates Christ's active, present work of separation. 'Throughly purge' emphasizes complete, exhaustive separation—Christ's judgment is thorough, not partial. The result: 'gather the wheat into his garner; but the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable'—eternal separation of saved (wheat) and lost (chaff). This teaches Christ's dual role: gathering His people to safety while judging the wicked with eternal fire. The unquenchable fire indicates hell's eternality.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Winnowing was familiar to agricultural listeners—grain thrown in air, wind blowing away light chaff while heavy wheat fell to the floor. This vivid imagery depicted Christ's separating righteous from wicked. The unquenchable fire warned of eternal judgment, not temporary punishment.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does the winnowing imagery teach about Christ's thorough judgment?
  2. How does Christ simultaneously save His people while judging the wicked?
  3. What does 'unquenchable fire' teach about the eternality of hell?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 26 words
οὗ1 of 26

Whose

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

τὸ2 of 26
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πτύον3 of 26

fan

G4425

a winnowing-fork (as scattering like spittle)

ἐν4 of 26

is in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τῇ5 of 26
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

χειρὶ6 of 26

hand

G5495

the hand (literally or figuratively (power); especially (by hebraism) a means or instrument)

αὐτοῦ7 of 26

his

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

καὶ8 of 26

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

διακαθᾶριεῖ9 of 26

he will throughly purge

G1245

to cleanse perfectly, i.e., (specially) winnow

τὴν10 of 26
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἅλωνα11 of 26

floor

G257

a threshing-floor (as rolled hard), i.e., (figuratively) the grain (and chaff, as just threshed)

αὐτοῦ12 of 26

his

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

καὶ13 of 26

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

συναξεῖ14 of 26

will gather

G4863

to lead together, i.e., collect or convene; specially, to entertain (hospitably)

τὸν15 of 26
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

σῖτον16 of 26

the wheat

G4621

grain, especially wheat

εἰς17 of 26

into

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

τὴν18 of 26
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀποθήκην19 of 26

garner

G596

a repository, i.e., granary

αὐτοῦ20 of 26

his

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

τὸ21 of 26
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ22 of 26

but

G1161

but, and, etc

ἄχυρον23 of 26

the chaff

G892

chaff (as diffusive)

κατακαύσει24 of 26

he will burn

G2618

to burn down (to the ground), i.e., consume wholly

πυρὶ25 of 26

with fire

G4442

"fire" (literally or figuratively, specially, lightning)

ἀσβέστῳ26 of 26

unquenchable

G762

not extinguished, i.e., (by implication) perpetual


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 3:17 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 3:17 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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