King James Version

What Does Luke 21:4 Mean?

Luke 21:4 in the King James Version says “For all these have of their abundance cast in unto the offerings of God: but she of her penury hath cast in all the livi... — study this verse from Luke chapter 21 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

For all these have of their abundance cast in unto the offerings of God: but she of her penury hath cast in all the living that she had.

Luke 21:4 · KJV


Context

2

And he saw also a certain poor widow casting in thither two mites.

3

And he said, Of a truth I say unto you, that this poor widow hath cast in more than they all:

4

For all these have of their abundance cast in unto the offerings of God: but she of her penury hath cast in all the living that she had.

5

And as some spake of the temple, how it was adorned with goodly stones and gifts, he said,

6

As for these things which ye behold, the days will come, in the which there shall not be left one stone upon another, that shall not be thrown down.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For all these have of their abundance cast in unto the offerings of God: but she of her penury hath cast in all the living that she had. Jesus provides the theological explanation for His startling evaluation. The wealthy gave ek tou perisseuontos autois (ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύοντος αὐτοῖς, 'from their surplus/abundance')—from what exceeded their needs. Their giving cost them nothing; they suffered no loss, felt no sacrifice, experienced no risk. After their donations, their lifestyle remained unchanged.

The widow, by contrast, gave ek tou hysterēmatos autēs (ἐκ τοῦ ὑστερήματος αὐτῆς, 'from her poverty/need')—from what she lacked. More dramatically, she gave panta ton bion hon eichen (πάντα τὸν βίον ὃν εἶχεν, 'all the life/living that she had'). The word bion (βίον) means 'life' or 'livelihood'—she gave not merely money but her means of survival. After her gift, she had nothing left for food or shelter. She trusted God with her very existence, embodying the faith Jesus constantly commended: radical dependence on divine provision rather than self-sufficiency.

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Historical & Cultural Context

This teaching climaxes Jesus' temple confrontations recorded in Luke 19-21. He had cleansed the temple (19:45-46), challenged religious authorities (20:1-8), told parables condemning them (20:9-19), debated taxes and resurrection (20:20-40), and exposed scribal hypocrisy (20:45-47). Now He highlights a poor widow's faith as the antithesis of religious leaders' corruption. The contrast is devastating: leaders hoarded wealth and exploited the poor; this widow gave everything. Within days, Jesus Himself would give everything—His life—for humanity's redemption. The widow's sacrifice foreshadows Christ's total self-giving on the cross.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does giving from abundance differ spiritually from giving from poverty, according to Jesus' analysis?
  2. What does it mean that the widow gave 'all the living that she had,' and what level of trust in God does this demonstrate?
  3. In what ways does Jesus' commendation of total self-giving challenge comfortable Christianity that gives only what is convenient?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 25 words
ἅπαντα1 of 25

all

G537

absolutely all or (singular) every one

γὰρ2 of 25

For

G1063

properly, assigning a reason (used in argument, explanation or intensification; often with other particles)

αὕτη3 of 25

she

G3778

the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)

ἐκ4 of 25

have of

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

τοῦ5 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

περισσεύοντος6 of 25

abundance

G4052

to superabound (in quantity or quality), be in excess, be superfluous; also (transitively) to cause to superabound or excel

αὐτῆς7 of 25

their

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἔβαλεν8 of 25

cast

G906

to throw (in various applications, more or less violent or intense)

εἰς9 of 25

in unto

G1519

to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etc.); also in adverbial phrases

τὰ10 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δῶρα11 of 25

the offerings

G1435

a present; specially, a sacrifice

τοῦ12 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Θεοῦ,13 of 25

of God

G2316

a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)

αὕτη14 of 25

she

G3778

the he (she or it), i.e., this or that (often with article repeated)

δὲ15 of 25

but

G1161

but, and, etc

ἐκ16 of 25

have of

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

τοῦ17 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ὑστερήματος18 of 25

penury

G5303

a deficit; specially, poverty

αὐτῆς19 of 25

their

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

ἅπαντα20 of 25

all

G537

absolutely all or (singular) every one

τὸν21 of 25
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

βίον22 of 25

the living

G979

life, i.e., (literally) the present state of existence; by implication, the means of livelihood

ὃν23 of 25

that

G3739

the relatively (sometimes demonstrative) pronoun, who, which, what, that

εἶχεν24 of 25

she had

G2192

to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio

ἔβαλεν25 of 25

cast

G906

to throw (in various applications, more or less violent or intense)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 21:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 21:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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