King James Version

What Does Luke 15:12 Mean?

Luke 15:12 in the King James Version says “And the younger of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. And he divided unto... — study this verse from Luke chapter 15 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And the younger of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. And he divided unto them his living.

Luke 15:12 · KJV


Context

10

Likewise, I say unto you, there is joy in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner that repenteth.

11

And he said, A certain man had two sons:

12

And the younger of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. And he divided unto them his living.

13

And not many days after the younger son gathered all together, and took his journey into a far country, and there wasted his substance with riotous living.

14

And when he had spent all, there arose a mighty famine in that land; and he began to be in want.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the younger of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of goods that falleth to me (Πάτερ, δός μοι τὸ ἐπιβάλλον μέρος τῆς οὐσίας, Pater, dos moi to epiballon meros tēs ousias)—The son demands his inheritance (ousia, οὐσία, substance/property) while his father lives. The verb epiballō (ἐπιβάλλω, falling to, belonging to) indicates legal entitlement, but requesting it prematurely was culturally shocking—essentially saying 'I wish you were dead.'

And he divided unto them his living (καὶ διεῖλεν αὐτοῖς τὸν βίον, kai dieilen autois ton bion)—The father grants the request immediately, dividing his bios (βίος, life, livelihood). This word means more than assets; it's his very life. The father absorbs the insult and loss without protest, imaging God's permission for human rebellion. He gives the son freedom to destroy himself, the terrible prerogative of genuine relationship. This is sovereign love's vulnerability.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Jewish inheritance law (Deuteronomy 21:17) gave the firstborn a double portion; the younger son would receive one-third of the estate. Requesting inheritance before death was virtually unprecedented and shameful, implying impatience for the father's demise. The division would have been public, legally binding, and gossip-worthy. The father's compliance rather than disinheritance or discipline was equally shocking. Jesus's audience would have gasped at this opening, making the father's later welcome even more scandalous.

Reflection Questions

  1. In what ways have you treated God's gifts as entitlements while showing contempt for the Giver?
  2. How does the father's immediate granting of the son's destructive request illuminate God's respect for human freedom even when we choose rebellion?
  3. What does it reveal about divine love that the father divides his 'life' (bios), not just his property, to accommodate his son's departure?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 20 words
καὶ1 of 20

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

εἶπεν2 of 20

said

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

3 of 20
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

νεώτερος4 of 20

the younger

G3501

"new", i.e., (of persons) youthful, or (of things) fresh; figuratively, regenerate

αὐτοῖς5 of 20

of them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

τῷ6 of 20
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Πάτερ7 of 20

Father

G3962

a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)

Πάτερ8 of 20

Father

G3962

a "father" (literally or figuratively, near or more remote)

δός9 of 20

give

G1325

to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)

μοι10 of 20

me

G3427

to me

τὸ11 of 20
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐπιβάλλον12 of 20

that falleth

G1911

to throw upon (literal or figurative, transitive or reflexive; usually with more or less force); specially (with g1438 implied) to reflect; impersonal

μέρος13 of 20

the portion

G3313

a division or share (literally or figuratively, in a wide application)

τῆς14 of 20
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

οὐσίας15 of 20

of goods

G3776

substance, i.e., property (possessions)

καὶ16 of 20

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

διεῖλεν17 of 20

he divided

G1244

to separate, i.e., distribute

αὐτοῖς18 of 20

of them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

τὸν19 of 20
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

βίον20 of 20

his living

G979

life, i.e., (literally) the present state of existence; by implication, the means of livelihood


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 15:12 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 15:12 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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