King James Version

What Does Luke 12:38 Mean?

Luke 12:38 in the King James Version says “And if he shall come in the second watch, or come in the third watch, and find them so, blessed are those servants. — study this verse from Luke chapter 12 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And if he shall come in the second watch, or come in the third watch, and find them so, blessed are those servants.

Luke 12:38 · KJV


Context

36

And ye yourselves like unto men that wait for their lord, when he will return from the wedding; that when he cometh and knocketh, they may open unto him immediately.

37

Blessed are those servants, whom the lord when he cometh shall find watching: verily I say unto you, that he shall gird himself, and make them to sit down to meat, and will come forth and serve them.

38

And if he shall come in the second watch, or come in the third watch, and find them so, blessed are those servants.

39

And this know, that if the goodman of the house had known what hour the thief would come, he would have watched, and not have suffered his house to be broken through.

40

Be ye therefore ready also: for the Son of man cometh at an hour when ye think not.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And if he shall come in the second watch, or come in the third watch, and find them so, blessed are those servants (κἂν ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ κἂν ἐν τῇ τῇ τρίτῃ φυλακῇ ἔλθῃ καὶ εὕρῃ οὕτως, μακάριοί εἰσιν οἱ δοῦλοι ἐκεῖνοι, kan en tē deutera kan en tē tritē phylakē elthē kai heurē houtōs, makarioi eisin hoi douloi ekeinoi)—Jesus extends the timing scenario to emphasize sustained watchfulness. The phylakē (φυλακή, watch) divided the night into periods for guard duty. The Romans used four watches (evening, midnight, cock-crowing, morning), while Jews traditionally used three.

The second watch (roughly 10 PM - 2 AM) and third watch (2 AM - 6 AM) represent the deepest, most difficult hours of the night when fatigue tempts servants to sleep. The conditional clause kan (κἂν, even if) with subjunctive verbs (elthē, ἔλθῃ, he comes; heurē, εὕρῃ, he finds) acknowledges uncertainty about timing. The adverb houtōs (οὕτως, so, in this manner) refers back to verse 37—still watching, still ready. Repeated blessing (makarioi, μακάριοι) emphasizes God's favor toward those who maintain vigilance regardless of delay. The parable warns against presuming Christ's return will align with our expectations or convenience.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Night watches were crucial in ancient warfare and household security. Guards who fell asleep on duty faced severe punishment, even death, because their negligence endangered the entire community. Jesus' hearers would immediately grasp the seriousness of maintaining vigilance through the difficult late-night hours. Early Christians expected Christ's imminent return (Romans 13:11-12, 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18), but as time passed, some grew complacent (2 Peter 3:3-4). This parable addresses the danger of abandoning watchfulness due to apparent delay.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does sustained watchfulness through the second and third watches teach about enduring faithfulness despite apparent delay?
  2. How should the uncertainty of Christ's return timing affect daily Christian living and long-term perseverance?
  3. What spiritual disciplines and practices help maintain vigilance during the 'deep night' seasons of waiting?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 21 words
καὶ1 of 21

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐὰν2 of 21

if

G1437

a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty

ἔλθῃ3 of 21

come

G2064

to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

ἐν4 of 21

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τῇ5 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δευτέρᾳ6 of 21

the second

G1208

(ordinal) second (in time, place, or rank; also adverb)

φυλακῇ,7 of 21

watch

G5438

a guarding or (concretely, guard), the act, the person; figuratively, the place, the condition, or (specially), the time (as a division of day or nigh

καὶ8 of 21

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἐν9 of 21

in

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

τῇ10 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

τρίτῃ11 of 21

the third

G5154

third; neuter (as noun) a third part, or (as adverb) a (or the) third time, thirdly

φυλακῇ,12 of 21

watch

G5438

a guarding or (concretely, guard), the act, the person; figuratively, the place, the condition, or (specially), the time (as a division of day or nigh

ἔλθῃ13 of 21

come

G2064

to come or go (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

καὶ14 of 21

And

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

εὕρῃ15 of 21

find

G2147

to find (literally or figuratively)

οὕτως16 of 21

them so

G3779

in this way (referring to what precedes or follows)

μακάριοί17 of 21

blessed

G3107

supremely blest; by extension, fortunate, well off

εἰσιν18 of 21

are

G1526

they are

οἱ19 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δοῦλοι20 of 21

servants

G1401

a slave (literal or figurative, involuntary or voluntary; frequently, therefore in a qualified sense of subjection or subserviency)

ἐκεῖνοι21 of 21

those

G1565

that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 12:38 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 12:38 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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