King James Version

What Does Luke 10:42 Mean?

Luke 10:42 in the King James Version says “But one thing is needful: and Mary hath chosen that good part, which shall not be taken away from her. — study this verse from Luke chapter 10 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

But one thing is needful: and Mary hath chosen that good part, which shall not be taken away from her.

Luke 10:42 · KJV


Context

40

But Martha was cumbered about much serving, and came to him, and said, Lord, dost thou not care that my sister hath left me to serve alone? bid her therefore that she help me.

41

And Jesus answered and said unto her, Martha, Martha, thou art careful and troubled about many things:

42

But one thing is needful: and Mary hath chosen that good part, which shall not be taken away from her.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Jesus corrects Martha: 'But one thing is needful: and Mary hath chosen that good part, which shall not be taken away from her' (ἑνὸς δέ ἐστιν χρεία· Μαρία γὰρ τὴν ἀγαθὴν μερίδα ἐξελέξατο, ἥτις οὐκ ἀφαιρεθήσεται ἀπ᾽ αὐτῆς). The phrase 'one thing is needful' (ἑνὸς ἐστιν χρεία) emphasizes singular priority—hearing Jesus' word. Mary 'chose' (ἐξελέξατο, aorist middle, deliberately selected) 'the good portion' (τὴν ἀγαθὴν μερίδα), echoing Psalm 16:5: 'The LORD is the portion of mine inheritance.' The passive verb 'aphairethēsetai' (ἀφαιρεθήσεται, shall not be taken away) promises permanence—spiritual treasures gained through communion with Christ are eternal, unlike temporal service.

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Historical & Cultural Context

First-century culture assigned domestic responsibilities to women, making Martha's service culturally appropriate and Mary's sitting at Jesus' feet (a posture of discipleship, Acts 22:3) culturally shocking. Rabbis rarely taught women formally. Jesus' affirmation of Mary's choice validated women's capacity for theological learning and spiritual growth, challenging patriarchal limitations. The contrast between Martha's 'distraction' (περιεσπᾶτο, pulled away) and Mary's focus illustrates competing priorities in discipleship—activism versus contemplation, doing versus being.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Jesus' affirmation of Mary challenge the tendency to value activity over attentiveness in spiritual life?
  2. What forms of 'much serving' might distract contemporary Christians from the 'one thing needful'?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 15 words
ἑνὸς1 of 15

one thing

G1520

one

δέ2 of 15

But

G1161

but, and, etc

ἐστιν3 of 15

is

G2076

he (she or it) is; also (with neuter plural) they are

χρεία·4 of 15

needful

G5532

employment, i.e., an affair; also (by implication) occasion, demand, requirement or destitution

Μαριά5 of 15

Mary

G3137

maria or mariam (i.e., mirjam), the name of six christian females

δέ6 of 15

But

G1161

but, and, etc

τὴν7 of 15
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἀγαθὴν8 of 15

that good

G18

"good" (in any sense, often as noun)

μερίδα9 of 15

part

G3310

a portion, i.e., province, share or (abstractly) participation

ἐξελέξατο10 of 15

hath chosen

G1586

to select

ἥτις11 of 15

which

G3748

which some, i.e., any that; also (definite) which same

οὐκ12 of 15

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

ἀφαιρεθήσεται13 of 15

be taken away

G851

to remove (literally or figuratively)

ἀπ'14 of 15

from

G575

"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)

αὐτῆς15 of 15

her

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 10:42 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 10:42 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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