King James Version

What Does Luke 1:51 Mean?

Luke 1:51 in the King James Version says “He hath shewed strength with his arm; he hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. — study this verse from Luke chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

He hath shewed strength with his arm; he hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.

Luke 1:51 · KJV


Context

49

For he that is mighty hath done to me great things; and holy is his name.

50

And his mercy is on them that fear him from generation to generation.

51

He hath shewed strength with his arm; he hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.

52

He hath put down the mighty from their seats, and exalted them of low degree.

53

He hath filled the hungry with good things; and the rich he hath sent empty away.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Mary prophetically declares God's pattern of exercising power ('strength with his arm') to scatter the proud. The aorist tense describes typical divine action throughout history. God's 'arm' symbolizes His powerful intervention in human affairs (Ps 89:10; Isa 51:9). The word 'scattered' (Greek 'dieskorpisen') indicates complete dispersal and defeat. The 'proud in the imagination of their hearts' describes those whose arrogance is rooted in internal thinking, not just external acts. This verse articulates the biblical principle that God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble (James 4:6). Mary's Magnificat prophetically applies to Herod, Jewish leaders, and all who oppose God's purposes.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Mary's words would prove prophetic regarding Jewish leaders who rejected Jesus and Rome's eventual downfall. Her emphasis on God scattering the proud recalls God's judgment on Pharaoh, Babylon, and all who exalt themselves against the Almighty.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does God's pattern of scattering the proud encourage humble trust?
  2. What is the relationship between internal pride and external opposition to God?
  3. How should this truth shape our estimation of worldly power?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 10 words
Ἐποίησεν1 of 10

He hath shewed

G4160

to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)

κράτος2 of 10

strength

G2904

vigor ("great") (literally or figuratively)

ἐν3 of 10

with

G1722

"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc

βραχίονι4 of 10

arm

G1023

the arm, i.e., (figuratively) strength

αὐτῶν·5 of 10

of their

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

διεσκόρπισεν6 of 10

he hath scattered

G1287

to dissipate, i.e., (genitive case) to rout or separate; specially, to winnow; figuratively, to squander

ὑπερηφάνους7 of 10

the proud

G5244

appearing above others (conspicuous), i.e., (figuratively) haughty

διανοίᾳ8 of 10

in the imagination

G1271

deep thought, properly, the faculty (mind or its disposition), by implication, its exercise

καρδίας9 of 10

hearts

G2588

the heart, i.e., (figuratively) the thoughts or feelings (mind); also (by analogy) the middle

αὐτῶν·10 of 10

of their

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 1:51 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 1:51 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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