King James Version

What Does Luke 1:53 Mean?

Luke 1:53 in the King James Version says “He hath filled the hungry with good things; and the rich he hath sent empty away. — study this verse from Luke chapter 1 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

He hath filled the hungry with good things; and the rich he hath sent empty away.

Luke 1:53 · KJV


Context

51

He hath shewed strength with his arm; he hath scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.

52

He hath put down the mighty from their seats, and exalted them of low degree.

53

He hath filled the hungry with good things; and the rich he hath sent empty away.

54

He hath holpen his servant Israel, in remembrance of his mercy;

55

As he spake to our fathers, to Abraham, and to his seed for ever.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
God's filling the hungry with good things while sending the rich away empty articulates divine justice and mercy. The 'hungry' represents those who recognize their spiritual poverty and need, while the 'rich' symbolizes those satisfied with worldly possessions and self-sufficiency. This doesn't merely describe economic redistribution but spiritual reality—those aware of their need receive God's gracious provision, while those trusting in themselves remain empty. This principle appears throughout Scripture (Beatitudes, Matt 5:3-6; Luke 6:20-26; Jas 2:5) and challenges both material wealth and spiritual pride. The rich are sent away empty not arbitrarily but because they won't acknowledge their need.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Mary's words reflect Old Testament promises of God providing for the needy (1 Sam 2:5; Ps 107:9; Isa 55:1-2). Her emphasis would challenge both wealthy Sadducees and self-righteous Pharisees while offering hope to the poor and marginalized who would comprise Jesus's primary audience.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does spiritual hunger look like compared to self-satisfied richness?
  2. How does material wealth often blind people to spiritual poverty?
  3. What good things does God provide to those who recognize their need?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 7 words
πεινῶντας1 of 7

the hungry

G3983

to famish (absolutely or comparatively); figuratively, to crave

ἐνέπλησεν2 of 7

He hath filled

G1705

to fill in (up), i.e., (by implication) to satisfy (literally or figuratively)

ἀγαθῶν3 of 7

with good things

G18

"good" (in any sense, often as noun)

καὶ4 of 7

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

πλουτοῦντας5 of 7

the rich

G4147

to be (or become) wealthy (literally or figuratively)

ἐξαπέστειλεν6 of 7

away

G1821

to send away forth, i.e., (on a mission) to despatch, or (peremptorily) to dismiss

κενούς7 of 7

empty

G2756

empty (literally or figuratively)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Luke. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Luke 1:53 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Luke 1:53 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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