King James Version

What Does John 11:51 Mean?

John 11:51 in the King James Version says “And this spake he not of himself: but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for that nation; — study this verse from John chapter 11 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And this spake he not of himself: but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for that nation;

John 11:51 · KJV


Context

49

And one of them, named Caiaphas, being the high priest that same year, said unto them, Ye know nothing at all ,

50

Nor consider that it is expedient for us, that one man should die for the people, and that the whole nation perish not.

51

And this spake he not of himself: but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for that nation;

52

And not for that nation only, but that also he should gather together in one the children of God that were scattered abroad.

53

Then from that day forth they took counsel together for to put him to death.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
John provides inspired commentary: Caiaphas prophesied 'not of himself.' Despite personal evil, his high priestly office carried prophetic function. The Old Testament pattern continues—God speaks through the office regardless of the officer's character (Num 22-24). Caiaphas unknowingly prophesied that Jesus would die 'for that nation'—substitutionary atonement in precise language. This demonstrates God's meticulous sovereignty: even the plot to kill Jesus fulfills redemptive prophecy. The high priest who condemns the sacrifice becomes the mouthpiece for sacrifice's meaning.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

High priests wore the Urim and Thummim and spoke for God despite personal sin (Lev 16). The office, not the man's righteousness, conveyed authority. This principle pervades Scripture—God uses flawed vessels.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does God's use of Caiaphas teach about the relationship between office and character?
  2. How does this demonstrate that God's purposes cannot be thwarted by human evil?
  3. In what ways does this validate the doctrine of verbal inspiration?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 21 words
τοῦτο1 of 21

this

G5124

that thing

δὲ2 of 21

And

G1161

but, and, etc

ἀφ'3 of 21

of

G575

"off," i.e., away (from something near), in various senses (of place, time, or relation; literal or figurative)

ἑαυτοῦ4 of 21

himself

G1438

(him- her-, it-, them-, my-, thy-, our-, your-)self (selves), etc

οὐκ5 of 21

not

G3756

the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not

εἶπεν6 of 21

spake he

G2036

to speak or say (by word or writing)

ἀλλὰ7 of 21

but

G235

properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)

ἀρχιερεὺς8 of 21

high priest

G749

the high-priest (literally, of the jews; typically, christ); by extension a chief priest

ὢν9 of 21

being

G5607

being

τοῦ10 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἐνιαυτοῦ11 of 21

year

G1763

a year

ἐκείνου12 of 21

that

G1565

that one (or (neuter) thing); often intensified by the article prefixed

προεφήτευσεν13 of 21

he prophesied

G4395

to foretell events, divine, speak under inspiration, exercise the prophetic office

ὅτι14 of 21

that

G3754

demonstrative, that (sometimes redundant); causative, because

ἔμελλεν15 of 21

should

G3195

to intend, i.e., be about to be, do, or suffer something (of persons or things, especially events; in the sense of purpose, duty, necessity, probabili

16 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰησοῦς17 of 21

Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

ἀποθνῄσκειν18 of 21

die

G599

to die off (literally or figuratively)

ὑπὲρ19 of 21

for that

G5228

"over", i.e., (with the genitive case) of place, above, beyond, across, or causal, for the sake of, instead, regarding; with the accusative case super

τοῦ20 of 21
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

ἔθνους21 of 21

nation

G1484

a race (as of the same habit), i.e., a tribe; specially, a foreign (non-jewish) one (usually, by implication, pagan)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of John. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

John 11:51 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to John 11:51 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study