King James Version

What Does Job 34:37 Mean?

Job 34:37 in the King James Version says “For he addeth rebellion unto his sin, he clappeth his hands among us, and multiplieth his words against God. — study this verse from Job chapter 34 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

For he addeth rebellion unto his sin, he clappeth his hands among us, and multiplieth his words against God.

Job 34:37 · KJV


Context

35

Job hath spoken without knowledge, and his words were without wisdom.

36

My desire is that Job may be tried unto the end because of his answers for wicked men. My: or, My father, let Job be tried

37

For he addeth rebellion unto his sin, he clappeth his hands among us, and multiplieth his words against God.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
For he addeth rebellion unto his sin (כִּי־יֹסִיף עַל־חַטָּאתוֹ פֶשַׁע, ki-yosiph al-chattato pesha)—The verb yasaph (יָסַף, "to add") indicates compounding. The noun pesha (פֶּשַׁע, rebellion, transgression) is stronger than chatta't (חַטָּאת, sin, missing the mark). Elihu accuses Job of adding deliberate rebellion to sin. The phrase he clappeth his hands among us (בֵּינֵינוּ יִסְפּוֹק, benenu yispoq) uses saphaq (סָפַק, "to clap"), possibly meaning mockery or defiant gesture. The phrase multiplieth his words against God (וְיֶרֶב אֲמָרָיו לָאֵל, ve-yerev amarav la-El) accuses Job of excessive speech against God.

Elihu misunderstands Job's lament as rebellion. Yet God will vindicate Job (42:7). This teaches discernment: honest questioning isn't rebellion. The Psalms model bringing raw emotions to God (Psalms 13, 22, 88). Lament is faith's cry when praise seems impossible. Jesus Himself cried, "My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?" (Mark 15:34). The gospel permits—even requires—brutal honesty before God. Christ bore actual rebellion (Isaiah 53:5, "the chastisement of our peace was upon him") so our honest struggles wouldn't be counted as rebellion.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern piety typically demanded stoic acceptance of divine decrees. Lament was permitted but within limits—excessive questioning risked blasphemy. Biblical faith uniquely permits profound lament and questioning (Habakkuk, Jeremiah, Psalms) while maintaining ultimate submission. Elihu reflects conventional piety that mistakes honesty for rebellion. Jesus's Gethsemane prayer ("if it be possible, let this cup pass," Matthew 26:39) models combining honest desire with submission ("nevertheless not as I will, but as thou wilt").

Reflection Questions

  1. How do we distinguish between faithful lament and sinful rebellion against God?
  2. What does Jesus's cry of dereliction (Mark 15:34) teach about bringing pain to God?
  3. How can we create spaces where honest struggle with God is welcomed rather than condemned?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
כִּ֥י1 of 10
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יֹ֘סִ֤יף2 of 10

For he addeth

H3254

to add or augment (often adverbial, to continue to do a thing)

עַֽל3 of 10
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

חַטָּאת֣וֹ4 of 10

unto his sin

H2403

an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiation; also (concretely) an offender

פֶ֭שַׁע5 of 10

rebellion

H6588

a revolt (national, moral or religious)

בֵּינֵ֣ינוּ6 of 10
H996

between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or

יִסְפּ֑וֹק7 of 10

he clappeth

H5606

to clap the hands (in token of compact, derision, grief, indignation, or punishment); by implication of satisfaction, to be enough; by implication of

וְיֶ֖רֶב8 of 10

his hands among us and multiplieth

H7235

to increase (in whatever respect)

אֲמָרָ֣יו9 of 10

his words

H561

something said

לָאֵֽל׃10 of 10

against God

H410

strength; as adjective, mighty; especially the almighty (but used also of any deity)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Job. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Job 34:37 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Job 34:37 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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