King James Version

What Does Isaiah 23:4 Mean?

Isaiah 23:4 in the King James Version says “Be thou ashamed, O Zidon: for the sea hath spoken, even the strength of the sea, saying, I travail not, nor bring forth ... — study this verse from Isaiah chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Be thou ashamed, O Zidon: for the sea hath spoken, even the strength of the sea, saying, I travail not, nor bring forth children, neither do I nourish up young men, nor bring up virgins.

Isaiah 23:4 · KJV


Context

2

Be still, ye inhabitants of the isle; thou whom the merchants of Zidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished. still: Heb. silent

3

And by great waters the seed of Sihor, the harvest of the river, is her revenue; and she is a mart of nations.

4

Be thou ashamed, O Zidon: for the sea hath spoken, even the strength of the sea, saying, I travail not, nor bring forth children, neither do I nourish up young men, nor bring up virgins.

5

As at the report concerning Egypt, so shall they be sorely pained at the report of Tyre.

6

Pass ye over to Tarshish; howl, ye inhabitants of the isle.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Be thou ashamed, O Zidon: for the sea hath spoken—The sea itself (yam), source of Phoenicia's wealth and power, becomes witness against her. The personified ocean declares: I travail not, nor bring forth children, neither do I nourish up young men, nor bring up virgins. The Hebrew verbs chalti (travail), yaladti (give birth), gaddalti (bring up) describe maternal nurture—all negated.

This metaphor is devastating: Sidon's maritime empire produced wealth but not life. Ships brought gold, not children. Their strength (ma'oz hayyam, 'the strength of the sea') generated commerce but not community. The sea's testimony condemns civilizations that sacrifice family, fertility, and future generations for economic gain. Phoenician culture, focused on trade and profit, apparently neglected demographic and cultural reproduction. The prophetic indictment anticipates modern societies choosing affluence over children, career over family—exchanging future hope for present prosperity. A nation that ceases bearing and raising children has chosen slow suicide, however economically successful.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Phoenician society was intensely commercial, with merchant families dominating culture. Archaeological evidence suggests smaller family sizes among elite trading classes compared to agricultural societies. The focus on maritime commerce may have disrupted traditional family structures, with men away for extended voyages and cultural emphasis on wealth accumulation over child-rearing.

Reflection Questions

  1. What does it mean for a society to be economically prosperous but culturally barren, producing wealth but not children?
  2. How do modern cultures make Tyre's mistake of valuing commercial success over investment in the next generation?
  3. What is the relationship between a society's fertility and its ultimate survival, regardless of economic strength?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 17 words
בּ֣וֹשִׁי1 of 17

Be thou ashamed

H954

properly, to pale, i.e., by implication to be ashamed; also (by implication) to be disappointed or delayed

צִיד֔וֹן2 of 17

O Zidon

H6721

tsidon, the name of a son of canaan, and of a place in palestine

כִּֽי3 of 17
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

לֵאמֹ֑ר4 of 17

hath spoken

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

הַיָּ֖ם5 of 17

for the sea

H3220

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif

מָע֥וֹז6 of 17

even the strength

H4581

a fortified place; figuratively, a defense

הַיָּ֖ם7 of 17

for the sea

H3220

a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the article), the mediterranean sea; sometimes a large river, or an artif

לֵאמֹ֑ר8 of 17

hath spoken

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

לֹֽא9 of 17
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

חַ֣לְתִּי10 of 17

I travail

H2342

properly, to twist or whirl (in a circular or spiral manner), i.e., (specifically) to dance, to writhe in pain (especially of parturition) or fear; fi

וְלֹֽא11 of 17
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יָלַ֗דְתִּי12 of 17

not nor bring forth children

H3205

to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage

וְלֹ֥א13 of 17
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

גִדַּ֛לְתִּי14 of 17

neither do I nourish up

H1431

to be (causatively make) large (in various senses, as in body, mind, estate or honor, also in pride)

בַּחוּרִ֖ים15 of 17

young men

H970

properly, selected, i.e., a youth (often collective)

רוֹמַ֥מְתִּי16 of 17

nor bring up

H7311

to be high actively, to rise or raise (in various applications, literally or figuratively)

בְתוּלֽוֹת׃17 of 17

virgins

H1330

a virgin (from her privacy); sometimes (by continuation) a bride; also (figuratively) a city or state


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Isaiah. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Isaiah 23:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Isaiah 23:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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