King James Version

What Does Exodus 4:20 Mean?

Exodus 4:20 in the King James Version says “And Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them upon an ass, and he returned to the land of Egypt: and Moses took the... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 4 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them upon an ass, and he returned to the land of Egypt: and Moses took the rod of God in his hand.

Exodus 4:20 · KJV


Context

18

And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father in law, and said unto him, Let me go, I pray thee, and return unto my brethren which are in Egypt, and see whether they be yet alive. And Jethro said to Moses, Go in peace. Jethro: Heb. Jether

19

And the LORD said unto Moses in Midian, Go, return into Egypt: for all the men are dead which sought thy life.

20

And Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them upon an ass, and he returned to the land of Egypt: and Moses took the rod of God in his hand.

21

And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go.

22

And thou shalt say unto Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD, Israel is my son, even my firstborn:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them upon an ass, and he returned to the land of Egypt: and Moses took the rod of God in his hand (וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ וְאֶת־בָּנָיו וַיַּרְכִּבֵם עַל־הַחֲמֹר וַיָּשָׁב אֶל־אֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם וַיִּקַּח מֹשֶׁה אֶת־מַטֵּה הָאֱלֹהִים בְּיָדוֹ)—Moses brings his wife and his sons (Zipporah, Gershom, and Eliezer—18:3-4). They travel by ass (donkey)—humble transport. The key phrase: Moses took the rod of God in his hand (מַטֵּה הָאֱלֹהִים, matteh ha'Elohim). What was his shepherd's staff (v. 2) is now the rod of God—consecrated for divine purposes. This rod will execute judgment and salvation, demonstrating that Moses returns not as fugitive refugee but as God's commissioned deliverer. The rod's new designation shows Moses' transformed identity and authority.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The rod of God becomes central to Exodus narrative: bringing plagues (7:17, 20; 9:23; 10:13), parting the Red Sea (14:16), bringing water from rock (17:5-6), and winning battles (17:9). Later tradition called it matteh ha'Elohim, recognizing its unique role in Israel's deliverance. Moses' humble donkey contrasts with Egypt's chariot power—God's power needs no impressive external trappings.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does your 'rod'—ordinary tool or gifting—need to be reconceived as 'the rod of God' consecrated for His purposes?
  2. What does Moses' humble transport (donkey) despite wielding the rod of God teach about power dynamics in God's kingdom?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 18 words
וַיִּקַּ֥ח1 of 18

took

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

מֹשֶׁ֛ה2 of 18

And Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

אֶת3 of 18
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

אִשְׁתּ֣וֹ4 of 18

his wife

H802

a woman

וְאֶת5 of 18
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

בָּנָ֗יו6 of 18

and his sons

H1121

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

וַיַּרְכִּבֵם֙7 of 18

and set

H7392

to ride (on an animal or in a vehicle); causatively, to place upon (for riding or generally), to despatch

עַֽל8 of 18
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

הַחֲמֹ֔ר9 of 18

them upon an ass

H2543

a male ass (from its dun red)

וַיָּ֖שָׁב10 of 18

and he returned

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

אַ֣רְצָה11 of 18

to the land

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

מִצְרָ֑יִם12 of 18

of Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

וַיִּקַּ֥ח13 of 18

took

H3947

to take (in the widest variety of applications)

מֹשֶׁ֛ה14 of 18

And Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

אֶת15 of 18
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

מַטֵּ֥ה16 of 18

the rod

H4294

a branch (as extending); figuratively, a tribe; also a rod, whether for chastising (figuratively, correction), ruling (a sceptre), throwing (a lance),

הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים17 of 18

of God

H430

gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of

בְּיָדֽוֹ׃18 of 18

in his hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 4:20 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 4:20 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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