King James Version

What Does Exodus 4:21 Mean?

Exodus 4:21 in the King James Version says “And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, w... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 4 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go.

Exodus 4:21 · KJV


Context

19

And the LORD said unto Moses in Midian, Go, return into Egypt: for all the men are dead which sought thy life.

20

And Moses took his wife and his sons, and set them upon an ass, and he returned to the land of Egypt: and Moses took the rod of God in his hand.

21

And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go.

22

And thou shalt say unto Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD, Israel is my son, even my firstborn:

23

And I say unto thee, Let my son go, that he may serve me: and if thou refuse to let him go, behold, I will slay thy son, even thy firstborn.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go (וַיֹּאמֶר יְהוָה אֶל־מֹשֶׁה בְּלֶכְתְּךָ לָשׁוּב מִצְרַיְמָה רְאֵה כָּל־הַמֹּפְתִים אֲשֶׁר־שַׂמְתִּי בְיָדֶךָ וַעֲשִׂיתָם לִפְנֵי פַרְעֹה וַאֲנִי אֲחַזֵּק אֶת־לִבּוֹ וְלֹא יְשַׁלַּח אֶת־הָעָם)—God previews the confrontation: do all those wonders before Pharaoh—the signs aren't just for Israel but for Egypt. But I will harden his heart (וַאֲנִי אֲחַזֵּק אֶת־לִבּוֹ, va'ani achazek et-libo)—the famous problem of Pharaoh's hardening. The Hebrew uses three verbs throughout Exodus: חָזַק (chazak, "strengthen/harden"), כָּבֵד (kaved, "make heavy"), and קָשָׁה (kashah, "make stiff"). Sometimes Pharaoh hardens his own heart (8:15, 32; 9:34), sometimes God hardens it (9:12; 10:20, 27; 11:10). Both are true: God's judicial hardening confirms Pharaoh's chosen rebellion (Romans 9:17-18). God will use Pharaoh's obstinacy to multiply signs, displaying His glory before Egypt and Israel (7:3-5).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The hardening theme raises theological questions about divine sovereignty and human responsibility. Paul addresses this in Romans 9:14-24, arguing God has right to show both wrath (Pharaoh) and mercy (Israel) to display His glory. The multiple plagues served pedagogical purpose—demonstrating YHWH's supremacy over all Egyptian gods systematically. Pharaoh's hardening ensured full revelation of God's power.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Pharaoh's hardening teach about the judicial consequences of persistent rebellion against God's revealed will?
  2. What does God's advance warning to Moses about Pharaoh's hardening teach about trusting God's purposes when circumstances seem to worsen despite obedience?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 24 words
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר1 of 24

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

יְהוָה֮2 of 24

And the LORD

H3068

(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god

אֶל3 of 24
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

מֹשֶׁה֒4 of 24

unto Moses

H4872

mosheh, the israelite lawgiver

בְּלֶכְתְּךָ֙5 of 24
H1980

to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)

לָשׁ֣וּב6 of 24

to return

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

מִצְרַ֔יְמָה7 of 24

into Egypt

H4714

mitsrajim, i.e., upper and lower egypt

רְאֵ֗ה8 of 24

see

H7200

to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)

כָּל9 of 24
H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

הַמֹּֽפְתִים֙10 of 24

all those wonders

H4159

a miracle; by implication, a token or omen

אֲשֶׁר11 of 24
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

שַׂ֣מְתִּי12 of 24

which I have put

H7760

to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)

בְיָדֶ֔ךָ13 of 24

in thine hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

וַֽעֲשִׂיתָ֖ם14 of 24

that thou do

H6213

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

לִפְנֵ֣י15 of 24

before

H6440

the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi

פַרְעֹ֑ה16 of 24

Pharaoh

H6547

paroh, a general title of egyptian kings

וַֽאֲנִי֙17 of 24
H589

i

אֲחַזֵּ֣ק18 of 24

but I will harden

H2388

to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong (figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help, repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restra

אֶת19 of 24
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

לִבּ֔וֹ20 of 24

his heart

H3820

the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything

וְלֹ֥א21 of 24
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יְשַׁלַּ֖ח22 of 24

go

H7971

to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

אֶת23 of 24
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הָעָֽם׃24 of 24

that he shall not let the people

H5971

a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 4:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 4:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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