King James Version

What Does Exodus 23:2 Mean?

Exodus 23:2 in the King James Version says “Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil; neither shalt thou speak in a cause to decline after many to wrest judgmen... — study this verse from Exodus chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil; neither shalt thou speak in a cause to decline after many to wrest judgment: speak: Heb. answer

Exodus 23:2 · KJV


Context

1

Thou shalt not raise a false report: put not thine hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness. raise: or, receive

2

Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil; neither shalt thou speak in a cause to decline after many to wrest judgment: speak: Heb. answer

3

Neither shalt thou countenance a poor man in his cause.

4

If thou meet thine enemy's ox or his ass going astray, thou shalt surely bring it back to him again.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil; neither shalt thou speak in a cause to decline after many to wrest judgment:

Majority doesn't determine morality—'don't follow multitude to evil' (לֹא־תִהְיֶה אַחֲרֵי־רַבִּים לְרָעֹת, lo-tihyeh acharei-rabbim lera'ot). Peer pressure toward wickedness must be resisted. The second clause warns against testimony swayed by popular opinion rather than truth. Courts must render just verdicts regardless of public sentiment. Noah stood alone; Abraham argued against Sodom's majority; Elijah opposed 450 prophets of Baal. Jesus faced mob crying 'Crucify!' Paul warns 'do not be conformed to this world' (Romans 12:2). Truth isn't democratic; it's theocratic—God's word determines right, not polls.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient courts involved community members as witnesses and judges. The pressure to conform to majority opinion could pervert justice. This command requires courage to stand for truth against popular sentiment.

Reflection Questions

  1. When have you faced pressure to 'follow the multitude to do evil'—how did you respond?
  2. How does this command apply to modern contexts like social media mobs or cancel culture?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 13 words
לֹֽא1 of 13
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תִהְיֶ֥ה2 of 13
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

אַֽחֲרֵ֥י3 of 13

Thou shalt not follow

H310

properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)

רַבִּ֖ים4 of 13

a multitude

H7227

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

לְרָעֹ֑ת5 of 13

to do evil

H7451

bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)

וְלֹֽא6 of 13
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תַעֲנֶ֣ה7 of 13

neither shalt thou speak

H6030

properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,

עַל8 of 13
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

רִ֗ב9 of 13

in a cause

H7379

a contest (personal or legal)

לְהַטֹּֽת׃10 of 13

to decline

H5186

to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)

אַֽחֲרֵ֥י11 of 13

Thou shalt not follow

H310

properly, the hind part; generally used as an adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses)

רַבִּ֖ים12 of 13

a multitude

H7227

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

לְהַטֹּֽת׃13 of 13

to decline

H5186

to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application (as follows)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 23:2 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 23:2 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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