King James Version

What Does Exodus 23:4 Mean?

Exodus 23:4 in the King James Version says “If thou meet thine enemy's ox or his ass going astray, thou shalt surely bring it back to him again. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

If thou meet thine enemy's ox or his ass going astray, thou shalt surely bring it back to him again.

Exodus 23:4 · KJV


Context

2

Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil; neither shalt thou speak in a cause to decline after many to wrest judgment: speak: Heb. answer

3

Neither shalt thou countenance a poor man in his cause.

4

If thou meet thine enemy's ox or his ass going astray, thou shalt surely bring it back to him again.

5

If thou see the ass of him that hateth thee lying under his burden, and wouldest forbear to help him, thou shalt surely help with him. and: or, wilt thou cease to help him? or, and wouldest cease to leave thy business for him: thou shalt surely leave it to join with him

6

Thou shalt not wrest the judgment of thy poor in his cause.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
If thou meet thine enemy's ox or his ass going astray, thou shalt surely bring it back to him again.

Love your enemy—practically. Don't just avoid harming enemies (passive); actively help them (active). Returning straying livestock is costly—takes time, effort. The command assumes you'll recognize the animal as belonging to your enemy—you know each other's property. Temptation would be to ignore it ('serves him right') or keep it (petty revenge). God commands opposite: restore what's lost. Jesus radicalizes this: 'love your enemies, do good to those who hate you' (Luke 6:27). Paul quotes verse 5: 'if your enemy is hungry, feed him' (Romans 12:20). Gospel love is counterintuitive, costly, and Christlike.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern cultures practiced reciprocity—help friends, harm enemies. Jesus and Paul quote Old Testament commands (like this one) to show God always required enemy-love, not just friend-love.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does actively helping your enemy (returning livestock) exceed merely not harming them?
  2. What practical ways can you 'return your enemy's ox' in modern contexts?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 10 words
כִּ֣י1 of 10
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

תִפְגַּ֞ע2 of 10

If thou meet

H6293

to impinge, by accident or violence, or (figuratively) by importunity

שׁ֧וֹר3 of 10

ox

H7794

a bullock (as a traveller)

אֹֽיִבְךָ֛4 of 10

thine enemy's

H341

hating; an adversary

א֥וֹ5 of 10
H176

desire (and so probably in proverbs 31:4); hence (by way of alternative) or, also if

חֲמֹר֖וֹ6 of 10

or his ass

H2543

a male ass (from its dun red)

תֹּעֶ֑ה7 of 10

going astray

H8582

to vacillate, i.e., reel or stray (literally or figuratively); also causative of both

תְּשִׁיבֶ֖נּוּ8 of 10

bring it back

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

תְּשִׁיבֶ֖נּוּ9 of 10

bring it back

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

לֽוֹ׃10 of 10
H0

Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 23:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 23:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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