King James Version

What Does Job 31:34 Mean?

Job 31:34 in the King James Version says “Did I fear a great multitude, or did the contempt of families terrify me, that I kept silence, and went not out of the d... — study this verse from Job chapter 31 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Did I fear a great multitude, or did the contempt of families terrify me, that I kept silence, and went not out of the door?

Job 31:34 · KJV


Context

32

The stranger did not lodge in the street: but I opened my doors to the traveller. traveller: or, way

33

If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom: as Adam: or, after the manner of men

34

Did I fear a great multitude, or did the contempt of families terrify me, that I kept silence, and went not out of the door?

35

Oh that one would hear me! behold, my desire is, that the Almighty would answer me, and that mine adversary had written a book. my: or, my sign is that the Almighty will

36

Surely I would take it upon my shoulder, and bind it as a crown to me.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Did I fear a great multitude, or did the contempt of families terrify me (אֶעֱרוֹץ הָמוֹן רַבָּה וּבוּז־מִשְׁפָּחוֹת יְחִתֵּנִי, e'erotz hamon rabbah uvuz-mishpachot yechiteni)—aratz (עָרַץ) means to fear or dread, hamon (הָמוֹן) means multitude or crowd, buz (בּוּז) means contempt or scorn, and chatat (חָתַת) means to terrify or dismay. That I kept silence, and went not out of the door (וָאֶדֹּם לֹא־אֵצֵא פָתַח, va'edom lo-etse fatach)—damam (דָּמַם) means to be silent or still, and petach (פֶּתַח) means door or entrance.

Job denies being silenced by fear of public opinion. He claims he didn't hide transgressions (v. 33) because of fear of social consequences (v. 34). This demonstrates moral courage—doing right regardless of public approval. Proverbs 29:25 warns that fear of man brings a snare, but trusting the Lord brings safety. Jesus commanded fearing God who can destroy both soul and body rather than fearing those who can only kill the body (Matthew 10:28). From a Reformed perspective, Job's freedom from fear of man demonstrates proper fear of God. When we fear God supremely, human opinion loses its power. Job's transparency despite potential social consequences reveals authentic righteousness.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern culture was deeply honor/shame oriented. Public reputation determined social standing and economic opportunity. Families could ostracize members who brought shame. Job's claim that he didn't hide sin from fear of social consequences demonstrates remarkable courage. His willingness to face public judgment rather than conceal wrongdoing reflects integrity. This countered cultural norms where maintaining honor sometimes trumped truth.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does Job's freedom from fear of public opinion challenge our tendency to manage our reputation?
  2. What does Job's willingness to face social consequences teach about the relationship between fearing God and fearing man?
  3. How can we cultivate the moral courage to do right regardless of how others might respond?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 11 words
כִּ֤י1 of 11
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

אֶֽעֱר֨וֹץ׀2 of 11

Did I fear

H6206

to awe or (intransitive) to dread; hence, to harass

הָ֘מ֤וֹן3 of 11

multitude

H1995

a noise, tumult, crowd; also disquietude, wealth

רַבָּ֗ה4 of 11

a great

H7227

abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)

וּבוּז5 of 11

or did the contempt

H937

disrespect

מִשְׁפָּח֥וֹת6 of 11

of families

H4940

a family, i.e., circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people

יְחִתֵּ֑נִי7 of 11

terrify

H2865

properly, to prostrate; hence, to break down, either (literally) by violence, or (figuratively) by confusion and fear

וָ֝אֶדֹּ֗ם8 of 11

me that I kept silence

H1826

to be dumb; by implication, to be astonished, to stop; also to perish

לֹא9 of 11
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

אֵ֥צֵא10 of 11

and went not out

H3318

to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim

פָֽתַח׃11 of 11

of the door

H6607

an opening (literally), i.e., door (gate) or entrance way


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Job. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Job 31:34 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Job 31:34 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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