King James Version

What Does Exodus 23:1 Mean?

Exodus 23:1 in the King James Version says “Thou shalt not raise a false report: put not thine hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness. raise: or, receive — study this verse from Exodus chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thou shalt not raise a false report: put not thine hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness. raise: or, receive

Exodus 23:1 · KJV


Context

1

Thou shalt not raise a false report: put not thine hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness. raise: or, receive

2

Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil; neither shalt thou speak in a cause to decline after many to wrest judgment: speak: Heb. answer

3

Neither shalt thou countenance a poor man in his cause.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Thou shalt not raise a false report: put not thine hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness.

'Raise false report' (לֹא תִשָּׂא שֵׁמַע שָׁוְא, lo tissa shema shav)—don't carry/spread empty rumors. This expands the ninth commandment from courtroom to conversation. 'Put not thy hand with the wicked'—don't partner with evil people for malicious testimony. Proverbs repeatedly warns against false witness (6:19, 12:17, 19:5, 25:18). Jesus warns 'every idle word' will be judged (Matthew 12:36). James says the tongue is a fire that defiles the whole body (James 3:6). The community that tolerates gossip and slander cannot maintain justice. Covenant people must be truth-tellers; our 'yes' must be yes (Matthew 5:37).

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

False witness in ancient courts could result in death sentences. Without forensic evidence, testimony was crucial. Deuteronomy 19:16-21 prescribes severe penalties for false witnesses—the punishment they sought to impose.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this command extend the ninth commandment from courtroom to everyday conversation?
  2. In what ways do Christians 'raise false reports' through gossip, exaggeration, or social media?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 12 words
לֹ֥א1 of 12
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תִשָּׂ֖א2 of 12

Thou shalt not raise

H5375

to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relative

שֵׁ֣מַע3 of 12

report

H8088

something heard, i.e., a sound, rumor, announcement; abstractly, audience

שָׁ֑וְא4 of 12

a false

H7723

evil (as destructive), literally (ruin) or morally (especially guile); figuratively idolatry (as false, subjective), uselessness (as deceptive, object

אַל5 of 12
H408

not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative); once (job 24:25) as a noun, nothing

תָּ֤שֶׁת6 of 12

put

H7896

to place (in a very wide application)

יָֽדְךָ֙7 of 12

not thine hand

H3027

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

עִם8 of 12
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

רָשָׁ֔ע9 of 12

with the wicked

H7563

morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad person

לִֽהְיֹ֖ת10 of 12
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

עֵ֥ד11 of 12

witness

H5707

concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e., prince

חָמָֽס׃12 of 12

to be an unrighteous

H2555

violence; by implication, wrong; by metonymy unjust gain


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 23:1 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 23:1 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study