King James Version

What Does Exodus 23:3 Mean?

Exodus 23:3 in the King James Version says “Neither shalt thou countenance a poor man in his cause. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 23 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Neither shalt thou countenance a poor man in his cause.

Exodus 23:3 · KJV


Context

1

Thou shalt not raise a false report: put not thine hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness. raise: or, receive

2

Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil; neither shalt thou speak in a cause to decline after many to wrest judgment: speak: Heb. answer

3

Neither shalt thou countenance a poor man in his cause.

4

If thou meet thine enemy's ox or his ass going astray, thou shalt surely bring it back to him again.

5

If thou see the ass of him that hateth thee lying under his burden, and wouldest forbear to help him, thou shalt surely help with him. and: or, wilt thou cease to help him? or, and wouldest cease to leave thy business for him: thou shalt surely leave it to join with him


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Neither shalt thou countenance a poor man in his cause.

This command shapes Israel's covenant community life, applying moral law to social relationships. God's justice concerns everyday matters—truthfulness, fairness, compassion. The accumulation of ordinances creates comprehensive ethic governing Israelite society. These aren't arbitrary rules but revelations of God's character. He is just, merciful, truthful; His people must reflect these attributes. New Testament ethics build on this foundation, radicalizing commands while maintaining their spirit.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Book of the Covenant concludes with liturgical calendar and worship regulations, integrating Israel's civil, moral, and ceremonial life under God's comprehensive rule.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does this law reveal God's character—His justice, mercy, or holiness?
  2. What New Testament principles build upon or fulfill this Old Testament regulation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 4 words
וְדָ֕ל1 of 4

a poor

H1800

properly, dangling, i.e., (by implication) weak or thin

לֹ֥א2 of 4
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תֶהְדַּ֖ר3 of 4

Neither shalt thou countenance

H1921

to swell up (literally or figuratively, active or passive); by implication, to favor or honor, be high or proud

בְּרִיבֽוֹ׃4 of 4

man in his cause

H7379

a contest (personal or legal)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 23:3 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 23:3 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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