King James Version

What Does Exodus 20:16 Mean?

Exodus 20:16 in the King James Version says “Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. — study this verse from Exodus chapter 20 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.

Exodus 20:16 · KJV


Context

14

Thou shalt not commit adultery.

15

Thou shalt not steal.

16

Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.

17

Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour's.

18

And all the people saw the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the noise of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking: and when the people saw it, they removed, and stood afar off.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.

'Lo ta'aneh' (לֹא תַעֲנֶה) means 'do not answer/testify.' 'False witness' (עֵד שָׁקֶר, ed shaqer) specifically addresses courtroom perjury, though applications extend to all lying. Truth-telling maintains justice—false testimony condemns the innocent and acquits the guilty. God values truth because He IS truth (John 14:6); lies come from Satan, the father of lies (John 8:44). Proverbs repeatedly condemns false witnesses (Proverbs 6:19, 12:17, 19:5). False witnesses crucified Christ (Matthew 26:59-61); false witness stones Stephen (Acts 6:13). The command protects reputation (ninth) as previous commands protect life (sixth), marriage (seventh), and property (eighth). Truth-telling builds community; lying destroys it.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient Near Eastern courts lacked forensic evidence; testimony was crucial. False witness could result in death sentences for the innocent. Deuteronomy 19:16-21 prescribes lex talionis for false witnesses—the penalty they sought to impose on another.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does false witness destroy justice and community trust?
  2. In what ways do Christians bear false witness beyond courtroom perjury (gossip, slander, exaggeration)?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 5 words
לֹֽא1 of 5
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

תַעֲנֶ֥ה2 of 5

Thou shalt not bear

H6030

properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,

בְרֵֽעֲךָ֖3 of 5

against thy neighbour

H7453

an associate (more or less close)

עֵ֥ד4 of 5

witness

H5707

concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e., prince

שָֽׁקֶר׃5 of 5

false

H8267

an untruth; by implication, a sham (often adverbial)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Exodus. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Exodus 20:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Exodus 20:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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