King James Version

What Does Matthew 26:59 Mean?

Matthew 26:59 in the King James Version says “Now the chief priests, and elders, and all the council, sought false witness against Jesus, to put him to death; — study this verse from Matthew chapter 26 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

Now the chief priests, and elders, and all the council, sought false witness against Jesus, to put him to death;

Matthew 26:59 · KJV


Context

57

And they that had laid hold on Jesus led him away to Caiaphas the high priest, where the scribes and the elders were assembled.

58

But Peter followed him afar off unto the high priest's palace, and went in, and sat with the servants, to see the end.

59

Now the chief priests, and elders, and all the council, sought false witness against Jesus, to put him to death;

60

But found none: yea, though many false witnesses came, yet found they none. At the last came two false witnesses,

61

And said, This fellow said, I am able to destroy the temple of God, and to build it in three days.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Now the chief priests, and elders, and all the council, sought false witness against Jesus, to put him to death (οἱ δὲ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ οἱ πρεσβύτεροι καὶ τὸ συνέδριον ὅλον ἐζήτουν ψευδομαρτυρίαν κατὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ὅπως αὐτὸν θανατώσωσιν)—The imperfect ἐζήτουν ('were seeking') shows sustained effort. They sought ψευδομαρτυρία (false testimony, perjured witness) κατὰ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ('against Jesus'). The purpose clause ὅπως αὐτὸν θανατώσωσιν ('so that they might put Him to death') reveals predetermined verdict—this wasn't trial seeking truth but inquisition manufacturing justification for predetermined execution. The phrase τὸ συνέδριον ὅλον ('the whole council,' entire Sanhedrin) indicates institutional guilt, not merely individuals.

Seeking false testimony violated the ninth commandment ('You shall not bear false witness,' Exodus 20:16) and perverted justice ('You shall not follow a crowd to do evil,' Exodus 23:2). Religious leaders charged with upholding God's law brazenly violated it. Their action fulfilled Psalm 35:11—'False witnesses rise up; they ask me of things that I do not know.' The supreme irony: guardians of Torah trampling Torah to kill Torah incarnate (John 1:1, 14). When religion serves power rather than truth, it becomes demonic.

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Historical & Cultural Context

The Sanhedrin was Judaism's supreme court—71 members (high priest, chief priests, elders, scribes). It handled religious/civil matters under Roman oversight (Rome reserved death-penalty authority). Jewish law required two or three witnesses agreeing in details (Deuteronomy 17:6; 19:15). The seeking of false witnesses shows they couldn't find legitimate charges—Jesus's ministry was blameless. This illegal proceeding fulfilled Isaiah 53:7-8: 'He was oppressed and afflicted...by oppression and judgment He was taken away.' Injustice against the Just One demonstrated humanity's depravity and God's redemptive grace.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do religious leaders sometimes prioritize institutional preservation over truth and justice?
  2. What does the Sanhedrin's seeking false testimony teach about the corrupting influence of predetermined agendas on judicial processes?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
οἱ1 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

δὲ2 of 18

Now

G1161

but, and, etc

ἀρχιερεῖς3 of 18

the chief priests

G749

the high-priest (literally, of the jews; typically, christ); by extension a chief priest

καὶ4 of 18

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

οἱ5 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

πρεσβύτεροι6 of 18

elders

G4245

older; as noun, a senior; specially, an israelite sanhedrist (also figuratively, member of the celestial council) or christian "presbyter"

καὶ7 of 18

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

τὸ8 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

συνέδριον9 of 18

the council

G4892

a joint session, i.e., (specially), the jewish sanhedrin; by analogy, a subordinate tribunal

ὅλον10 of 18

all

G3650

"whole" or "all", i.e., complete (in extent, amount, time or degree), especially (neuter) as noun or adverb

ἐζήτουν11 of 18

sought

G2212

to seek (literally or figuratively); specially, (by hebraism) to worship (god), or (in a bad sense) to plot (against life)

ψευδομαρτυρίαν12 of 18

false witness

G5577

untrue testimony

κατὰ13 of 18

against

G2596

(prepositionally) down (in place or time), in varied relations (according to the case (genitive, dative or accusative) with which it is joined)

τοῦ14 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Ἰησοῦ15 of 18

Jesus

G2424

jesus (i.e., jehoshua), the name of our lord and two (three) other israelites

ὅπως16 of 18

to

G3704

what(-ever) how, i.e., in the manner that (as adverb or conjunction of coincidence, intentional or actual)

αὐτὸν17 of 18

him

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

θανατώσωσιν18 of 18

put

G2289

to kill


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Matthew. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Matthew 26:59 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Matthew 26:59 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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