King James Version

What Does Deuteronomy 19:16 Mean?

Deuteronomy 19:16 in the King James Version says “If a false witness rise up against any man to testify against him that which is wrong; that: or, falling away — study this verse from Deuteronomy chapter 19 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

If a false witness rise up against any man to testify against him that which is wrong; that: or, falling away

Deuteronomy 19:16 · KJV


Context

14

Thou shalt not remove thy neighbour's landmark, which they of old time have set in thine inheritance, which thou shalt inherit in the land that the LORD thy God giveth thee to possess it.

15

One witness shall not rise up against a man for any iniquity, or for any sin, in any sin that he sinneth: at the mouth of two witnesses, or at the mouth of three witnesses, shall the matter be established.

16

If a false witness rise up against any man to testify against him that which is wrong; that: or, falling away

17

Then both the men, between whom the controversy is, shall stand before the LORD, before the priests and the judges, which shall be in those days;

18

And the judges shall make diligent inquisition: and, behold, if the witness be a false witness, and hath testified falsely against his brother;


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
If a false witness rise up (כִּי־יָקוּם עֵד־חָמָס, ki-yaqum ed-chamas)—the term ed chamas (עֵד חָמָס) literally means "witness of violence/wrong," one who weaponizes testimony to harm the innocent. The verb qum (קוּם, "rise up") suggests aggressive initiative, not mere passive dishonesty. This addresses perjury with malicious intent.

To testify against him that which is wrong (לַעֲנוֹת בּוֹ סָרָה, la'anot bo sarah) means to answer against him with deviation from truth. The word sarah (סָרָה) indicates turning aside, apostasy from truth. The ninth commandment (Exodus 20:16) prohibits false witness, but this passage prescribes the penalty. Proverbs repeatedly warns against false witnesses (6:19, 12:17, 19:5, 25:18), comparing them to deadly weapons. Jesus faced false witnesses at His trial (Matthew 26:59-60), as did Stephen (Acts 6:13).

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Historical & Cultural Context

Ancient judicial systems relied heavily on witness testimony, lacking modern forensic evidence, written contracts, or surveillance. A determined liar could destroy an innocent person through false accusation, especially in capital cases. The Torah required two or three witnesses for conviction (Deuteronomy 17:6, 19:15), but this provided limited protection against conspiracy. False witness was thus among the most dangerous crimes, capable of perverting justice completely. Jezebel's false witnesses against Naboth (1 Kings 21:10-13) illustrate how this law could be violated with devastating results. Moses's judicial reforms aimed to deter such corruption through severe penalties.

Reflection Questions

  1. How does the seriousness with which Scripture treats false witness inform Christian responsibility to speak truth, even when costly?
  2. What parallels exist between ancient false witnesses and modern forms of character assassination or false accusation?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 8 words
כִּֽי1 of 8
H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

יָק֥וּם2 of 8

rise up

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

עֵד3 of 8

witness

H5707

concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e., prince

חָמָ֖ס4 of 8

If a false

H2555

violence; by implication, wrong; by metonymy unjust gain

בְּאִ֑ישׁ5 of 8

against any man

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

לַֽעֲנ֥וֹת6 of 8

to testify

H6030

properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,

בּ֖וֹ7 of 8
H0
סָרָֽה׃8 of 8

against him that which is wrong

H5627

apostasy, crime; figuratively, remission


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Deuteronomy. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Deuteronomy 19:16 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Deuteronomy 19:16 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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