King James Version

What Does Acts 13:21 Mean?

Acts 13:21 in the King James Version says “And afterward they desired a king: and God gave unto them Saul the son of Cis, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, by the sp... — study this verse from Acts chapter 13 with commentary, cross-references, and original Greek word analysis.

And afterward they desired a king: and God gave unto them Saul the son of Cis, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, by the space of forty years.

Acts 13:21 · KJV


Context

19

And when he had destroyed seven nations in the land of Chanaan, he divided their land to them by lot.

20

And after that he gave unto them judges about the space of four hundred and fifty years, until Samuel the prophet.

21

And afterward they desired a king: and God gave unto them Saul the son of Cis, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, by the space of forty years.

22

And when he had removed him, he raised up unto them David to be their king; to whom also he gave testimony, and said, I have found David the son of Jesse, a man after mine own heart, which shall fulfil all my will.

23

Of this man's seed hath God according to his promise raised unto Israel a Saviour, Jesus:


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
And afterward they desired a king (αἰτέω, aiteo)—Israel’s demand for a king (1 Samuel 8:5) was rooted in covenant unfaithfulness, rejecting the LORD as their King (1 Samuel 8:7). Paul emphasizes this as they desired, highlighting human initiative rather than divine design.

God gave unto them Saul (Σαούλ, from Hebrew שָׁאוּל, sha’ul meaning "asked for")—The irony is profound: God gave them exactly what they asked for. Saul embodied Israel’s self-will—tall, impressive outwardly (1 Samuel 9:2), but ultimately a tragic failure. A man of the tribe of Benjamin, the smallest tribe (1 Samuel 9:21), yet Saul’s reign foreshadowed the greater Saul of Tarsus (also Benjamite, Philippians 3:5) who would be transformed to serve God’s true King. Forty years marks a complete generation of testing, paralleling Israel’s wilderness wandering—both periods of divine patience with rebellion.

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Historical & Cultural Context

Paul preached this sermon in the synagogue at Pisidian Antioch (c. AD 47-48) during his first missionary journey. He recounted Israel’s history to demonstrate God’s faithfulness leading to the Messiah. Saul reigned approximately 1050-1010 BC; Josephus and Jewish tradition assigned him a 40-year reign, though 1 Samuel gives incomplete chronology.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do you see the pattern of "asking" for what seems good externally but proves spiritually disastrous in your own life or culture?
  2. What does God giving Israel exactly what they desired teach about the danger of demanding our own way rather than trusting His timing and plan?

Original Language Analysis

Greek · 18 words
κἀκεῖθεν1 of 18

And afterward

G2547

likewise from that place (or time)

ᾐτήσαντο2 of 18

they desired

G154

to ask (in genitive case)

βασιλέα3 of 18

a king

G935

a sovereign (abstractly, relatively, or figuratively)

καὶ4 of 18

and

G2532

and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words

ἔδωκεν5 of 18

gave

G1325

to give (used in a very wide application, properly, or by implication, literally or figuratively; greatly modified by the connection)

αὐτοῖς6 of 18

unto them

G846

the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative g1438) of the third person, and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons

7 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

θεὸς8 of 18

God

G2316

a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)

τὸν9 of 18
G3588

the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)

Σαοὺλ10 of 18

Saul

G4549

saul (i.e., shaul), the jewish name of paul

υἱὸν11 of 18

the son

G5207

a "son" (sometimes of animals), used very widely of immediate, remote or figuratively, kinship

Κίς12 of 18

of Cis

G2797

cis (i.e., kish), an israelite

ἄνδρα13 of 18

a man

G435

a man (properly as an individual male)

ἐκ14 of 18

of

G1537

a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct

φυλῆς15 of 18

the tribe

G5443

an offshoot, i.e., race or clan

Βενιαμίν16 of 18

of Benjamin

G958

benjamin, an israelite

ἔτη17 of 18

years

G2094

a year

τεσσαράκοντα18 of 18

by the space of forty

G5062

forty


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of Acts. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

Acts 13:21 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to Acts 13:21 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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