King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 29:4 Mean?

1 Samuel 29:4 in the King James Version says “And the princes of the Philistines were wroth with him; and the princes of the Philistines said unto him, Make this fell... — study this verse from 1 Samuel chapter 29 with commentary, cross-references, and original Hebrew word analysis.

And the princes of the Philistines were wroth with him; and the princes of the Philistines said unto him, Make this fellow return, that he may go again to his place which thou hast appointed him, and let him not go down with us to battle, lest in the battle he be an adversary to us: for wherewith should he reconcile himself unto his master? should it not be with the heads of these men?

1 Samuel 29:4 · KJV


Context

2

And the lords of the Philistines passed on by hundreds, and by thousands: but David and his men passed on in the rereward with Achish.

3

Then said the princes of the Philistines, What do these Hebrews here? And Achish said unto the princes of the Philistines, Is not this David, the servant of Saul the king of Israel, which hath been with me these days, or these years, and I have found no fault in him since he fell unto me unto this day?

4

And the princes of the Philistines were wroth with him; and the princes of the Philistines said unto him, Make this fellow return, that he may go again to his place which thou hast appointed him, and let him not go down with us to battle, lest in the battle he be an adversary to us: for wherewith should he reconcile himself unto his master? should it not be with the heads of these men?

5

Is not this David, of whom they sang one to another in dances, saying, Saul slew his thousands, and David his ten thousands?

6

Then Achish called David, and said unto him, Surely, as the LORD liveth, thou hast been upright, and thy going out and thy coming in with me in the host is good in my sight: for I have not found evil in thee since the day of thy coming unto me unto this day: nevertheless the lords favour thee not. the lords: Heb. thou art not good in the eyes of the lords


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
The princes' anger and their reasoning reveal the fear underlying their suspicion. Their concern that David might become 'an adversary' (Hebrew: 'satan,' opponent, accuser) in battle reflects sound military judgment: a defector might re-defect at the crucial moment. The rhetorical question about how David might 'reconcile himself unto his master' (Hebrew: 'adonayw,' Saul as lord) suggests they understood the political reality better than Achish. The reference to 'the heads of these men' recalls David's trophies of Philistine heads, now potentially turned against them.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The Hebrew 'satan' here means adversary or opponent, not the later theological sense of Satan. The princes' fear that David might betray them at the battle's critical moment was strategically reasonable given his history and the stakes involved.

Reflection Questions

  1. How do past reputations affect present trust, even when behavior has changed?
  2. What wisdom exists in the concerns of those who distrust us?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 35 words
וַיִּקְצְפ֨וּ1 of 35

were wroth

H7107

to crack off, i.e., (figuratively) burst out in rage

עָלָ֜יו2 of 35
H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

שָׂרֵ֨י3 of 35

And the princes

H8269

a head person (of any rank or class)

פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים4 of 35

of the Philistines

H6430

a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth

וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ5 of 35

said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

לוֹ֩6 of 35
H0
שָׂרֵ֨י7 of 35

And the princes

H8269

a head person (of any rank or class)

פְלִשְׁתִּ֜ים8 of 35

of the Philistines

H6430

a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth

וְיָשֹׁב֙9 of 35

return

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

אֶת10 of 35
H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

הָאִ֗ישׁ11 of 35

this fellow

H376

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

וְיָשֹׁב֙12 of 35

return

H7725

to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);

אֶל13 of 35
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

מְקוֹמוֹ֙14 of 35

to his place

H4725

properly, a standing, i.e., a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific); also (figuratively) of a condition (of body or mind)

אֲשֶׁ֣ר15 of 35
H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

הִפְקַדְתּ֣וֹ16 of 35

which thou hast appointed

H6485

to visit (with friendly or hostile intent); by analogy, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit, etc

שָׁ֔ם17 of 35
H8033

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence

וְלֹֽא18 of 35
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יֵרֵ֤ד19 of 35

him and let him not go down

H3381

to descend (literally, to go downwards; or conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary, the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); cau

עִמָּ֙נוּ֙20 of 35
H5973

adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then

בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה21 of 35

lest in the battle

H4421

a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)

וְלֹא22 of 35
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

יִֽהְיֶה23 of 35
H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

לָּ֥נוּ24 of 35
H0
לְשָׂטָ֖ן25 of 35

he be an adversary

H7854

an opponent; especially (with the article prefixed) satan, the arch-enemy of good

בַּמִּלְחָמָ֑ה26 of 35

lest in the battle

H4421

a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)

וּבַמֶּ֗ה27 of 35
H4100

properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?); but also exclamation, what! (including how!), or indefinitely what (including whatever, and

יִתְרַצֶּ֥ה28 of 35

to us for wherewith should he reconcile

H7521

to be pleased with; specifically, to satisfy a debt

זֶה֙29 of 35
H2088

the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

אֶל30 of 35
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

אֲדֹנָ֔יו31 of 35

himself unto his master

H113

sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)

הֲל֕וֹא32 of 35
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

בְּרָאשֵׁ֖י33 of 35

should it not be with the heads

H7218

the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)

הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֥ים34 of 35

of these men

H582

properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified h0120); hence, a man in general (singly or collectively)

הָהֵֽם׃35 of 35
H1992

they (only used when emphatic)


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 29:4 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 29:4 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

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