King James Version

What Does 1 Samuel 28:23 Mean?

But he refused, and said, I will not eat. But his servants, together with the woman, compelled him; and he hearkened unto their voice. So he arose from the earth, and sat upon the bed.

1 Samuel 28:23 · KJV


Context

21

And the woman came unto Saul, and saw that he was sore troubled, and said unto him, Behold, thine handmaid hath obeyed thy voice, and I have put my life in my hand, and have hearkened unto thy words which thou spakest unto me.

22

Now therefore, I pray thee, hearken thou also unto the voice of thine handmaid, and let me set a morsel of bread before thee; and eat, that thou mayest have strength, when thou goest on thy way.

23

But he refused, and said, I will not eat. But his servants, together with the woman, compelled him; and he hearkened unto their voice. So he arose from the earth, and sat upon the bed.

24

And the woman had a fat calf in the house; and she hasted, and killed it, and took flour, and kneaded it, and did bake unleavened bread thereof:

25

And she brought it before Saul, and before his servants; and they did eat. Then they rose up, and went away that night.


Commentary

KJV Study Commentary
Saul's initial refusal to eat ('I will not eat') reflects the paralysis of despair. The servants and woman together 'compelled him' (Hebrew: 'wayyifrets-u-vo'), using a verb suggesting breaking through resistance. Saul's eventual compliance ('he hearkened unto their voice... arose from the earth, and sat upon the bed') shows him accepting minimal restoration before his final battle. The image of the condemned king sitting on a bed in a medium's house captures the complete collapse of his majesty.

KJV Study — Public Domain

Historical & Cultural Context

The verb 'compelled' (parats) implies forceful persuasion, breaking through Saul's resistance. The bed (mittah) may have been the woman's own, suggesting she gave her best accommodation to the doomed king.

Reflection Questions

  1. When have others had to break through your despair to provide basic care?
  2. How do we respond to those paralyzed by circumstances beyond their control?

Original Language Analysis

Hebrew · 16 words
וַיְמָאֵ֗ן1 of 16

But he refused

H3985

to refuse

וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙2 of 16

and said

H559

to say (used with great latitude)

לֹ֣א3 of 16
H3808

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles

אֹכַ֔ל4 of 16

I will not eat

H398

to eat (literally or figuratively)

וַיִּפְרְצוּ5 of 16

compelled

H6555

to break out (in many applications, direct and indirect, literal and figurative)

ב֤וֹ6 of 16
H0
עֲבָדָיו֙7 of 16

But his servants

H5650

a servant

וְגַם8 of 16
H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

הָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה9 of 16

together with the woman

H802

a woman

וַיִּשְׁמַ֖ע10 of 16

him and he hearkened

H8085

to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)

לְקֹלָ֑ם11 of 16

unto their voice

H6963

a voice or sound

וַיָּ֙קָם֙12 of 16

So he arose

H6965

to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)

מֵֽהָאָ֔רֶץ13 of 16

from the earth

H776

the earth (at large, or partitively a land)

וַיֵּ֖שֶׁב14 of 16

and sat

H3427

properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry

אֶל15 of 16
H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

הַמִּטָּֽה׃16 of 16

upon the bed

H4296

a bed (as extended) for sleeping or eating; by analogy, a sofa, litter or bier


Study Guide

Historical Context

This verse is found in the book of 1 Samuel. Understanding the historical and cultural background helps illuminate its meaning for the original audience and for us today.

Theological Significance

1 Samuel 28:23 contributes to our understanding of God's character and His relationship with humanity. Consider how this verse connects to the broader themes of Scripture.

Cross-References

Verses related to 1 Samuel 28:23 from Treasury of Scripture Knowledge

Test Your Knowledge

Continue Your Study