About Ezra

Ezra records the return from exile and the rebuilding of the temple, followed by Ezra's ministry of spiritual restoration.

Author: EzraWritten: c. 450-400 BCReading time: ~3 minVerses: 24
RestorationTemple RebuildingLawPurityPrayerConfession

King James Version

Ezra 4

24 verses with commentary

Enemies Oppose the Rebuilding

Now when the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the children of the captivity builded the temple unto the LORD God of Israel; the children: Heb. the sons of the transportation

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KJV Study Commentary

The opposition begins: 'Now when the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard that the children of the captivity builded the temple unto the LORD God of Israel.' The identification 'adversaries' (Hebrew <em>tsar</em>, enemies/opponents) reveals hostile intent from the beginning. The phrase 'children of the captivity' became technical term for returned exiles. That enemies 'heard' about temple build...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(1) **The adversaries.**—The Samaritans, so termed by Nehemiah (Ezra 4:11). These were a mixed race, the original Israelite element of which was nearly lost in the tribes imported into the northern part of the land by Sargon, Sennacherib, and Esar-haddon. (See 2Kings 17:24-34.)

Then they came to Zerubbabel, and to the chief of the fathers, and said unto them, Let us build with you: for we seek your God, as ye do; and we do sacrifice unto him since the days of Esarhaddon king of Assur, which brought us up hither.

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KJV Study Commentary

The deceptive offer: 'Let us build with you: for we seek your God, as ye do; and we do sacrifice unto him since the days of Esarhaddon king of Assur.' The claim 'we seek your God, as ye do' asserted religious compatibility. The reference to Esarhaddon (681-669 BC) verified longstanding worship. However, 2 Kings 17:33 exposes their syncretism: 'they feared the LORD, and served their own gods.' Thei...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(2) **As ye do.**—“They feared the Lord, and worshipped their own gods” (2Kings 17:33): thus they came either in the spirit of hypocrites or with an intention to unite their own idolatries with the pure worship of Jehovah. In any case, they are counted enemies of the God of Israel. **We do sacrifice unto Him since the days of Esar-haddon.**—He ended his reign B.C. 668, and therefore the Samaritans...
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But Zerubbabel, and Jeshua, and the rest of the chief of the fathers of Israel, said unto them, Ye have nothing to do with us to build an house unto our God; but we ourselves together will build unto the LORD God of Israel, as king Cyrus the king of Persia hath commanded us.

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KJV Study Commentary

The refusal: 'But Zerubbabel, and Jeshua, and the rest of the chief of the fathers of Israel, said unto them, Ye have nothing to do with us to build an house unto our God.' This firm rejection risked creating enemies of potential allies. The phrase 'Ye have nothing to do with us' asserted incompatibility. The reason: 'we ourselves together will build unto the LORD God of Israel, as king Cyrus the ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(3) **Ye have nothing to do with us.**—The account in 2 Kings 17 carefully studied will show that the stern refusal of the leaders was precisely ill harmony with the will of God; there was nothing in it of that intolerant spirit which is sometimes imagined. The whole design of the Great Restoration would have been defeated by a concession at this point. The reference to the command of Cyrus is ano...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

CHAPTER 25 2Ch 25:1-4. Amaziah Begins to Reign Well. **1. Amaziah was twenty and five years old, &amp;c.--**(See 2Ki 14:1-6). 2Ch 25:5-10. Having Hired an Army of Israelites against the Edomites, at the Word of a Prophet He Loses a Hundred Talents and Dismisses Them.

Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and troubled them in building,

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KJV Study Commentary

The result: 'Then the people of the land weakened the hands of the people of Judah, and troubled them in building.' The phrase 'weakened the hands' means discouraged, undermined morale, and created obstacles. The verb 'troubled' indicates active harassment and intimidation. This demonstrates that refusing compromise often provokes active opposition. The adversaries' true character—initially offeri...
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And hired counsellors against them, to frustrate their purpose, all the days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until the reign of Darius king of Persia.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Strategic Opposition Through Political Channels:</strong> This verse describes sustained, organized opposition to the rebuilding of Jerusalem's temple (538-520 BC). The Hebrew phrase "<em>vesokhrim alehem yo'atsim</em>" (וְסֹכְרִים עֲלֵיהֶם יוֹעֲצִים) means "and they hired against them counselors." The verb "<em>sakhar</em>" (סָכַר, to hire) indicates paid opposition—these weren't spontane...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(5) **And hired counsellors against them.**—They adopted a systematic course of employing paid agents at the court: continued for eight years, till B.C. 529. Cambyses, his son, succeeded Cyrus; he died B.C. 522; then followed the pseudo-Smerdis, a usurper, whose short reign Darius did not reckon, but dated his own reign from B.C. 522. A comparison of dates shows that this was the first Darius, the...
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Later Opposition Under Xerxes and Artaxerxes

And in the reign of Ahasuerus, in the beginning of his reign, wrote they unto him an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem. Ahasuerus: Heb. Ahashverosh

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And in the reign of Ahasuerus, in the beginning of his reign, wrote they unto him an accusation against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem.</strong> This verse introduces a chronological shift, moving from Cyrus's time to the reign of Ahasuerus (likely Xerxes I, 486-465 BC), who ruled between Darius and Artaxerxes. The Hebrew word <em>sitnah</em> (שִׂטְנָה) means 'accusation' or 'oppos...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(6) **In the beginning of his reign.**—This Ahasuerus, another name for Cambyses, reigned seven years; and his accession to the throne was the time seized by the Samaritans for their “accusation,” of which we hear nothing more; suffice that the building languished.

And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their companions, unto Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the writing of the letter was written in the Syrian tongue, and interpreted in the Syrian tongue. Bishlam: or, in peace companions: Heb. societies

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their companions, unto Artaxerxes king of Persia; and the writing of the letter was written in the Syrian tongue, and interpreted in the Syrian tongue.</strong> This verse advances the timeline to Artaxerxes I (465-424 BC), showing sustained, multi-generational opposition. The enemies' persistence demonstrates...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(7) **In the days of Artaxerxes.**—This must be Gomates, the Magian priest who personated Smerdis, the dead son of Cyrus, and reigned only seven months: note that the expression used is “days,” and not “reign” as in the previous verse. This Artaxerxes has been thought by many commentators to be the Longimanus of the sequel of this book and of Nehemiah, and they have identified the Ahasuerus of Ezr...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**5. Amaziah ... made captains, &amp;c.--**As all who were capable of bearing arms were liable to serve, it was quite natural in making up the muster-roll to class them according to their respective families and to appoint the officers of each corps from the same quarter; so that all the soldiers who formed a regiment were brothers, relatives, friends. Thus the Hebrew troops were closely linked to...
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Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort: scribe: or, secretary

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Rehum the chancellor and Shimshai the scribe wrote a letter against Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king in this sort:</strong> This verse introduces the letter's authors—Rehum the 'chancellor' (<em>be'el te'em</em>, בְּעֵל טְעֵם, literally 'master of decree' or 'commander') and Shimshai the 'scribe' (<em>safar</em>, סָפַר). These were provincial officials with authority to communicate directl...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(8) **Rehum the chancellor.**—*The lord of judgment,* the counsellor of the Persian king, a conventional title of the civil governor. **Shimshai the scribe**—The royal secretary.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**6. He hired also an hundred thousand mighty men of valour ... for an hundred talents of silver--**This sum was paid into the treasury of Jehoahaz--not given as bounty to the mercenaries who were obliged to serve at the sovereign's call; their remuneration consisting only in the booty they might obtain. It was about £50,000 sterling, being 10s. per man, including officers--a very paltry pay, comp...
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Then wrote Rehum the chancellor , and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions; the Dinaites, the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the Dehavites, and the Elamites, companions: Chald. societies

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then wrote Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions; the Dinaites, the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the Dehavites, and the Elamites,</strong> This verse begins enumerating the coalition opposing Jerusalem's rebuilding. The long list of diverse peoples demonstrates the breadth and co...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(9) **Then wrote** **. . .**—This verse and the following give the general superscription of the letter which the Persian officials wrote for the Samaritans: introduced, however, in a very peculiar manner, and to be followed by another introduction in Ezra 4:11. Of the names by which the Samaritans think fit to distinguish themselves the Apharsites and Dehavites are Persians; the Babylonians the o...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7-8. there came a man of God--**sent to dissuade Amaziah from the course he was following, on the ground that "the Lord is not with Israel." This statement was perfectly intelligible to the king. But the historian, writing long after, thought it might require explanation, and therefore added the comment, "with all the children of Ephraim." Idolatry had long been the prevailing religion in that k...
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And the rest of the nations whom the great and noble Asnappar brought over, and set in the cities of Samaria, and the rest that are on this side the river, and at such a time. at such: Chaldee, Cheeneth

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And the rest of the nations whom the great and noble Asnappar brought over, and set in the cities of Samaria, and the rest that are on this side the river, and at such a time.</strong> This verse concludes the coalition listing by referencing 'Asnappar,' likely Ashurbanipal (669-627 BC), the last great Assyrian king. The respectful title 'great and noble' reflects Persian diplomatic practi...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(10) **Asnapper** cannot be Esar-haddon, but was probably his chief officer. **And at such a time.**—*And so forth.*

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**7-8. there came a man of God--**sent to dissuade Amaziah from the course he was following, on the ground that "the Lord is not with Israel." This statement was perfectly intelligible to the king. But the historian, writing long after, thought it might require explanation, and therefore added the comment, "with all the children of Ephraim." Idolatry had long been the prevailing religion in that k...
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This is the copy of the letter that they sent unto him, even unto Artaxerxes the king; Thy servants the men on this side the river, and at such a time.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>This is the copy of the letter that they sent unto him, even unto Artaxerxes the king; Thy servants the men on this side the river, and at such a time.</strong> The phrase 'copy of the letter' indicates the biblical record preserves the actual text of the opponents' accusation, not merely a summary. This demonstrates Scripture's historical reliability—including even hostile documents when ...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(11) **On this side the river.**—Literally, *beyond* *the* *river* Euphrates, as written for the Persian court. **And at such a time.**—Rather, *and so forth;* meaning, “Thy servants, as aforesaid,” alluding to the superscription.

Be it known unto the king, that the Jews which came up from thee to us are come unto Jerusalem, building the rebellious and the bad city, and have set up the walls thereof, and joined the foundations. set up: or, finished joined: Chal. sewed together

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Be it known unto the king, that the Jews which came up from thee to us are come unto Jerusalem, building the rebellious and the bad city, and have set up the walls thereof, and joined the foundations.</strong> The letter's core accusation begins with 'Be it known'—a formal opening for important intelligence. The description of Jews as 'which came up from thee' cleverly makes Jerusalem's re...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(12) Virulence and craft and exaggeration are stamped on every sentence of the letter. It only says, however, that “they are preparing the walls thereof, and joining the foundations.” Afterwards, however, the charge is modified in Ezra 4:13; Ezra 4:16.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**10. separated them ... the army ... out of Ephraim ... their anger was greatly kindled against Judah--**Amaziah, who knew his position as the Lord's viceroy, complied with the prophet's counsel, and, consenting to forfeit the purchase money of the Israelitish soldiers, discharged them. Exasperated at this treatment, they resolved to indemnify themselves for the loss of their expected booty, and ...
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Be it known now unto the king, that, if this city be builded, and the walls set up again, then will they not pay toll, tribute, and custom, and so thou shalt endamage the revenue of the kings. pay: Chal. give revenue: or, strength

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Be it known now unto the king, that, if this city be builded, and the walls set up again, then will they not pay toll, tribute, and custom, and so thou shalt endamage the revenue of the kings.</strong> This verse shifts from security concerns to economic arguments. The opponents claimed Jerusalem's restoration would result in tax rebellion, threatening imperial revenue. The three terms—'to...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(13) **Toll, tribute, and custom.**—Toll for the highways; custom, a provision in kind; tribute, the money tax. **The revenue.**—Rather, *at length;* literally *and at length damage will be done to the kings.*

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**11. valley of salt--**This ravine lies to the south of the Dead Sea. The arms of Amaziah, in reward for his obedience to the divine will, were crowned with victory--ten thousand of the Edomites were slain on the field, and as many taken prisoners, who were put to death by precipitation "from the top of the rock" [2Ch 25:12]. This rock might be situated in the neighborhood of the battlefield, but...
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Now because we have maintenance from the king's palace, and it was not meet for us to see the king's dishonour, therefore have we sent and certified the king; we have: Chal. we are salted with the salt of the palace

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now because we have maintenance from the king's palace, and it was not meet for us to see the king's dishonour, therefore have we sent and certified the king;</strong> This verse reveals the opponents' motivation through the phrase 'we have maintenance from the king's palace.' The Aramaic <em>melach heichal malka</em> literally means 'salt of the king's palace,' referring to eating the kin...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(14) **Maintenance.**—more exactly, *we eat the salt of the palace.* This seems to be a general expression for dependence on the king, whose dishonour or loss they profess themselves unwilling to behold.

That search may be made in the book of the records of thy fathers: so shalt thou find in the book of the records, and know that this city is a rebellious city, and hurtful unto kings and provinces, and that they have moved sedition within the same of old time: for which cause was this city destroyed. moved: Cald. made within: Chald. in the midst thereof

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>That search may be made in the book of the records of thy fathers: so shalt thou find in the book of the records, and know that this city is a rebellious city, and hurtful unto kings and provinces, and that they have moved sedition within the same of old time: for which cause was this city destroyed.</strong> The opponents appeal to historical records, suggesting verification would confirm...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(15) **The book of the records of thy fathers.**—“The book of the records of the Chronicles” which in Esther 6:1 is “read before the king.” This extended beyond his own fathers back to the times of the predecessors of the Median dynasty. **Of old time.**—From the days of eternity, or time immemorial. The spirit of exaggeration if not of falsehood appears in every word here.

We certify the king that, if this city be builded again, and the walls thereof set up, by this means thou shalt have no portion on this side the river.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>We certify the king that, if this city be builded again, and the walls thereof set up, by this means thou shalt have no portion on this side the river.</strong> This verse concludes the opponents' letter with a dramatic prediction of total imperial loss in the Trans-Euphrates region. The phrase 'we certify' (<em>yada'in</em>, יָדְעִין) means 'we make known' or 'we inform,' lending official...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(16) **No portion on this side the river.**—The same unscrupulous use of language: that is, if the river Euphrates is meant. In the days of Solomon, and once or twice subsequently, the Israelites had advanced towards the river, but it was not likely that they would ever do so again. The letter may, however, have been intended to suggest loosely that Jerusalem might become a centre of general disaf...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14-16. Amaziah ... brought the gods of the children of Seir--**The Edomites worshipped the sun under different forms and with various rites. But burning incense upon altars was a principal act of worship, and this was the very thing Amaziah is described as having with strange infatuation performed. Whether he had been captivated with the beauty of the images, or hoped by honoring the gods to dis...
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Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the chancellor , and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the river, Peace, and at such a time. companions: Chal. societies

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then sent the king an answer unto Rehum the chancellor, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the rest beyond the river, Peace, and at such a time.</strong> Artaxerxes' response demonstrates royal protocol. The formal address to Rehum, Shimshai, and their coalition mirrors the letter's opening, acknowledging all signatories. The gre...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(17) **Peace, and at such a time.**—*Salutation, and so forth.* The account of the reply and the beginning of it are strangely blended, as before.

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14-16. Amaziah ... brought the gods of the children of Seir--**The Edomites worshipped the sun under different forms and with various rites. But burning incense upon altars was a principal act of worship, and this was the very thing Amaziah is described as having with strange infatuation performed. Whether he had been captivated with the beauty of the images, or hoped by honoring the gods to dis...
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The letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>The letter which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me.</strong> The phrase 'plainly read' (<em>mepharash qeri</em>) means 'distinctly read' or 'explained,' indicating the Aramaic letter was translated and interpreted for the king. This suggests Artaxerxes either didn't read Aramaic fluently despite its status as imperial administrative language, or more likely, that royal proto...
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Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**14-16. Amaziah ... brought the gods of the children of Seir--**The Edomites worshipped the sun under different forms and with various rites. But burning incense upon altars was a principal act of worship, and this was the very thing Amaziah is described as having with strange infatuation performed. Whether he had been captivated with the beauty of the images, or hoped by honoring the gods to dis...
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And I commanded , and search hath been made, and it is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein. I commanded: Chald. by me a decree is set made insurrection: Chald. lifted up itself

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>And I commanded, and search hath been made, and it is found that this city of old time hath made insurrection against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made therein.</strong> Artaxerxes responded to the opponents' suggestion (v.15) by ordering archival research. The phrase 'I commanded, and search hath been made' shows royal initiative in verification rather than blindly acc...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(19) **Insurrection.**—Never against Persia; but such as are alluded to in 2 Kings 24

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary

**17. Then Amaziah ... sent to Joash ... Come, let us see one another in the face--**(See on 2Ki 14:8-20).

There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, which have ruled over all countries beyond the river; and toll, tribute, and custom, was paid unto them.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, which have ruled over all countries beyond the river; and toll, tribute, and custom, was paid unto them.</strong> This verse acknowledges Jerusalem's historical glory under David and Solomon, when Israel exercised regional dominance. The phrase 'mighty kings' (<em>malachin taqqifin</em>, מַלְכִין תַּקִּיפִין) recognizes genuine power. 'Rule...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(20) **Mighty kings.**—David and Solomon, and some few kings down to Josiah, had extended their sway and made nations tributary (2 Samuel 8; 1 Kings 10). The earlier kings’ names would perhaps be referred to historically, though not immediately connected with Persian annals.

Give ye now commandment to cause these men to cease, and that this city be not builded, until another commandment shall be given from me. Give: Chaldee, Make a decree

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Give ye now commandment to cause these men to cease, and that this city be not builded, until another commandment shall be given from me.</strong> Artaxerxes orders immediate cessation of Jerusalem's reconstruction. The imperative 'Give ye now commandment' delegates authority to Rehum and company to enforce the decree locally. The phrase 'cause these men to cease' (<em>battelu gulbraya</em...
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Take heed now that ye fail not to do this: why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings?

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Take heed now that ye fail not to do this: why should damage grow to the hurt of the kings?</strong> Artaxerxes warns Rehum and colleagues against negligence in implementing his decree. The phrase 'Take heed' (<em>zehirin havu</em>) means 'be careful' or 'be warned,' emphasizing the order's seriousness. 'Fail not to do this' threatens consequences for non-compliance, ensuring vigorous enfo...
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Now when the copy of king Artaxerxes' letter was read before Rehum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went up in haste to Jerusalem unto the Jews, and made them to cease by force and power. by force: Chaldee, by arm and power

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Now when the copy of king Artaxerxes' letter was read before Rehum, and Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went up in haste to Jerusalem unto the Jews, and made them to cease by force and power.</strong> The opponents' reaction reveals their true motives. The phrase 'went up in haste' shows eager excitement, not reluctant duty. They didn't merely implement the decree but rushe...
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Then ceased the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem. So it ceased unto the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia.

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KJV Study Commentary

<strong>Then ceased the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem. So it ceased unto the second year of the reign of Darius king of Persia.</strong> This verse summarizes opposition's immediate impact while hinting at eventual resolution. The repetition 'ceased... So it ceased' emphasizes the completeness of work stoppage. However, the time marker 'unto the second year of the reign of Darius'...
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Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers

(24) **The second year.**—The record here returns to Ezra 4:5, with more specific indication of time. The suspension of the general enterprise—called “the work of the house of God which is at Jerusalem”—lasted nearly two years. But it must be remembered that the altar was still the centre of a certain amount of worship. **Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com...
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